tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-292013182024-03-12T23:47:46.037-07:00B.C. Brooks: A Writer's Hiding PlaceBaylus C. Brooks is a professional research and maritime historian, genealogist, and writer living in North Florida. Writes for Poseidon Historical Research & Publishing. Author of Quest for Blackbeard, Sailing East, and Dictionary of Pyrate Biography, all now from online stores! All posts are the opinions of the author unless otherwise noted. Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.comBlogger249125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-32678641613586557582022-03-16T20:05:00.002-07:002022-03-18T16:01:21.220-07:00Two Depositions Relating to the Capture of La Concorde by Edward Thache - the Vessel Renamed Queen Anne's Revenge<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgXgErAq7FdDOf603SmQOibuqjBkPZ91WlDx3KTbC812E0Jr_hoj2IFZplYIOWHUbMl2sAtn4wbrpk_qUcfrZAXrbbmI4IVDCR3f3-XZYe8Wf2EsnHTSw5j1k7Ca4fAm50i2ODQobRdYvJyurGHnUKnd_j-Z9G8f1IoQU3ZgDgHIUrXgV4LJQ=s900" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgXgErAq7FdDOf603SmQOibuqjBkPZ91WlDx3KTbC812E0Jr_hoj2IFZplYIOWHUbMl2sAtn4wbrpk_qUcfrZAXrbbmI4IVDCR3f3-XZYe8Wf2EsnHTSw5j1k7Ca4fAm50i2ODQobRdYvJyurGHnUKnd_j-Z9G8f1IoQU3ZgDgHIUrXgV4LJQ=w400-h320" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Presumed to resemble <i>La Concorde</i> or <i>Queen Anne's Revenge</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p>APPENDIX VI: April 27, 1718. The Concorde of Names taken and plundered by pirates. ADLA 5 4578 P 56v&s. (3 photocopied sheets).</p><p>Nantes Concorde. plundered and taken by the pirates.</p><p>From April 27 (1718). </p><p><br /></p><p>Appeared the sieur François Ernaud, former lieutenant on the ship named La Concorde de Nantes from this port of 200 tons or thereabouts. Said vessel commanded by Pierre Dosset, first captain and which had Charles Baudin as second captain. Said ship armed with 16 guns and 75 crew, belonging to Mr. René Montaudouin and others and of which says Mr. Ernaud the oath taken, he promised and swore to tell the truth.</p><p>He told us that his said ship had been loaded with the goods permitted for the coast of Guinea and other French ships and that his said captain took all the expeditions necessary to accomplish their said voyage.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZOGwzffuw7DnQZrdf33NoYs3hXpgxPgvkY5Z2VTC-xevjRS4TSkITEFFElyUwXjN9K_prUc5CsMHxJoyTOoN84TAL5EsyVWxHyGgncB0wAIV50ChWMlBlndbrk5wrq1Sbum3EySwrLGmlEv0AQi4tun9WEU5Z__CuZC-noc49f4zcod0fsg=s735" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="587" data-original-width="735" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjZOGwzffuw7DnQZrdf33NoYs3hXpgxPgvkY5Z2VTC-xevjRS4TSkITEFFElyUwXjN9K_prUc5CsMHxJoyTOoN84TAL5EsyVWxHyGgncB0wAIV50ChWMlBlndbrk5wrq1Sbum3EySwrLGmlEv0AQi4tun9WEU5Z__CuZC-noc49f4zcod0fsg=w400-h320" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carte de l'Eveshe de Nantes, 1695</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><br /><p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikCgPca0lE5BmFCgv9UF-mJzkSDCr6qwRUWQROwuno5Q7Oufc8GXdqCZ0T1bs2AFv2uHSNGEBFmxRhw30nw-2TUqO_lcWEA1A7xR5SIR1O-2C4yDrs9Q2y-WOzIN_Az_siSgU0oPu7SFsAbJ_BVHKDYCanWk53xUzE2QoDvn4VQoKSrUNsWQ=s300" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikCgPca0lE5BmFCgv9UF-mJzkSDCr6qwRUWQROwuno5Q7Oufc8GXdqCZ0T1bs2AFv2uHSNGEBFmxRhw30nw-2TUqO_lcWEA1A7xR5SIR1O-2C4yDrs9Q2y-WOzIN_Az_siSgU0oPu7SFsAbJ_BVHKDYCanWk53xUzE2QoDvn4VQoKSrUNsWQ=w287-h287" width="287" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Location of Groix</td></tr></tbody></table><br />He left from the bottom of this river [Loire] on March 24, 1717 and by bad weather they were forced to release under Groix [see map to left] on the 28th of the said month where they anchored around 8 o'clock in the evening and on the 29th following around 9 o'clock in the morning the heavy weather compelled them to slip out their cable at the end and abandon their second anchor weighing about 14 to 1500 pounds and the said cable 12 to 13 inches thick, brand new, never having wetted and 120 fathoms in length. They were thrown onto the Banc des Ecarts where the aforesaid vessel touched with three strokes of its heel. <p></p><p>From there they headed out to sea and came to anchor on the island of Houëdic [Ile d'Hoëdic on map below], on the 29th, where they anchored their large anchor and their brand new 12 to 13 inch cable. On the 30th of the said month they were forced to return to anchor in Mindin. Then what by the diligence they did they covered the cable and anchor above that they had spun under Groix. At Mindin [map below] they repaired there a new cable of 12 to 13 inches from theirs which was damaged. They took food and refreshments to replace those they had consumed. Then they sailed from the said Mindin on the following April 12.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia2u7YAxJZy_wwr_Ku7t_EoP6wvHD9pCITzyNcGWyip9NNKmgaT_YWREtbGlumLI7yp5jj6h_sNObarmtQBJ8du7_TaObaYYnt94rH1qEul3_4FNTmxXaZVF2tx443-fdUtudQnF01-I0yugwT4pDqKetcGa6VhCExb_raa4TTb6PgTkr42g=s1209" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="1209" height="99" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia2u7YAxJZy_wwr_Ku7t_EoP6wvHD9pCITzyNcGWyip9NNKmgaT_YWREtbGlumLI7yp5jj6h_sNObarmtQBJ8du7_TaObaYYnt94rH1qEul3_4FNTmxXaZVF2tx443-fdUtudQnF01-I0yugwT4pDqKetcGa6VhCExb_raa4TTb6PgTkr42g=w400-h99" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>On the 24th of the said month, the named Jean Morel, Provençal sailor [died] without being able to save him...</p><p>On June 6, they arrived at Mesurade [Cape Mesurado, aka Cape Montserrado - a headland on the coast of Liberia] to get wood and water from where they left on the 18th of the said month to go to Judah [Whydah or Ouidah] where they anchored on July 8 and at which place they traded and loaded on the said ship the number of 516 heads of blacks of all sexes and ages and fourteen ounces of powdered gold.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqbhMnO02PRggwiHmKkhRRUdLse3RMbxgDJDu3nBml3_BZknZueBYVOCtQHWNMYwnGlcCRHyq3u-d9XegTTWjxRsQZUCJCwovS57TFg_PYFdP-XYQWjSs7KGiJrotig4duMvzSEmYT-EExUb2TRSA60RKFugOQSTdRoQGSLMGxdAbbPQ7ozA=s466" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="466" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqbhMnO02PRggwiHmKkhRRUdLse3RMbxgDJDu3nBml3_BZknZueBYVOCtQHWNMYwnGlcCRHyq3u-d9XegTTWjxRsQZUCJCwovS57TFg_PYFdP-XYQWjSs7KGiJrotig4duMvzSEmYT-EExUb2TRSA60RKFugOQSTdRoQGSLMGxdAbbPQ7ozA=w400-h303" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plan of Cape Mesurado on Coast of Modern Liberia<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhCq9OycDwUAh0SEM9HMuSxBmd3WKJyOy_RlQwaiu1BHeQv7bBHWGLDvZbrjMXWlqf1bfdefyxLKidIDyWo_dd62OBtYjOpra0YswtWYntThV9wVXB2LORVLbfGta-r7szFqZWwdv1jOVhgM5LzpVFSsdBNCJIjXi_bT9Pddy7MG90jd1Lh4g" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="800" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhCq9OycDwUAh0SEM9HMuSxBmd3WKJyOy_RlQwaiu1BHeQv7bBHWGLDvZbrjMXWlqf1bfdefyxLKidIDyWo_dd62OBtYjOpra0YswtWYntThV9wVXB2LORVLbfGta-r7szFqZWwdv1jOVhgM5LzpVFSsdBNCJIjXi_bT9Pddy7MG90jd1Lh4g=w400-h265" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ouidah, Whydah, or Judah on Gold Coast of Africa</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>After which they left the said place on the 9th day of October following to go to Martinique and the French islands of America.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1Uw61BajtpS9ZsxfFpW7s2zaz3yBgk19pXPVq9xY5Wemo9j7JJkDwScAVSOBV_iZgeZnsJtPLquDBWei9zVie8rr22cOxTPkqeh1GULunJ5Bzzz8PJAdbBsFqKBOiRQ-Iq_4kkwkAn474txpnDyvST3nuE1Bu1pO-a_hrmk89slgnpm3Tlg=s2100" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="2100" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1Uw61BajtpS9ZsxfFpW7s2zaz3yBgk19pXPVq9xY5Wemo9j7JJkDwScAVSOBV_iZgeZnsJtPLquDBWei9zVie8rr22cOxTPkqeh1GULunJ5Bzzz8PJAdbBsFqKBOiRQ-Iq_4kkwkAn474txpnDyvST3nuE1Bu1pO-a_hrmk89slgnpm3Tlg=w400-h324" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map by Baylus C. Brooks</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>The following November 28, finding themselves 30 or 40 leagues from Martinique, in the latitude of 14° 30' North, they encountered around 8 o'clock in the morning in foggy weather two pirate boats, one of which was armed with 12 guns and equipped with 120 men of crew and the other armed with 8 guns and equipped with 30 men. The declarant said he had at that time 16 men dead of disease including the one who had drowned and in addition 36 men of their said crew sick with scurvy and blood flow so that they were only 21 men to do the maneuver and steer said vessel. So much so that the said two pirate boats having fired two volleys of cannon and musketry at them and shouted at them to put their boat in the sea. The said captain and officers and members of the crew seeing themselves unable to defend themselves from the said pirates , there came on board the said pirates who took them to Bicoya, Grenadine Islands where the declarant and all the other members of his crew were searched and visited and pillaged and taken from them the elite of their cargo and put the remainder on said Island ashore.</p><p>And by the declaration of a servant of his crew who declared to the said pirates that his captain and his officers had gold dust. Seeing this, the said pirates threatened the declarant and his crew to cut off their necks if they did not return the said gold powder. However, as the said waiter belonging to Mr. Martin, clerk on the said ship had declared to them. Which said waiter was named Louis Arrot de Nantes aged 15 or so who voluntarily surrendered with them. This obliged the declarant jointly with the others to deliver to them the said gold powder which everyone had a little in his without understanding the one that was freight and seized all the clothes and clothes having stripped them as well as their said ship with all its guns and gear that said pirates have retained Declares further that the said pirates have retained by force ten men of their crew, namely:</p><p>Charles Duval, native of Port-Louis, pilot.</p><p>Jean Dubois, Gascon, major surgeon.</p><p>Marc Bourgneuf, second surgeon, from Rochelle.</p><p>Claude Deshaies, 3rd surgeon.</p><p>Esprit Perrin, Master Carpenter, native of Pellerin.</p><p>René Duval, 2nd carpenter, native of Nantes.</p><p>Jean Puloin, caulker.</p><p>Guillaume Creuzet, sailor, native of Brest.</p><p>Georges Bardeau, 2nd cook.</p><p>Jean Jacques, gunsmith</p><p><br /></p><p>Moreover a negro who was a trumpet passenger and married at Saint-Malo whose name the declarant does not know further said that four of their said crew, including the waiter mentioned above, voluntarily surrendered to the pirates, to to know:</p><p>Nicolas Pommeraye, from Saint-Malo, skipper.</p><p>François Derouet from La Rochelle, sailor.</p><p>Joseph Mortepan known as La Mornaje, volunteer, from Saint-Père en Retz.</p><p><br /></p><p>After which the said pirates gave the declarer and the rest of his crew, both sick and healthy, one of their boats to take them to Martinique with the blacks whom the pirates abandoned on the said Ile Bicoya where thirty-two whites and two hundred and forty-six blacks embarked in their boat to pass them to La Martinique where the declarant arrived the following October 7th. Having put the blacks on the ground and given orders for their subsistence and guard. He returned from Martinique on the tenth of this month to the said island of Bicoya to take back there the rest of the blacks that the pirates had abandoned there and where they arrived on the 13th of the said month and at which place they still unloaded in the said pirate boat twelve whites and fifty two blacks to return with the others to La Martinique where they arrived on ... the said month when the captain of the said ship La Concorde, by order of justice, dismissed and paid all his crew from the said blacks. Said more than the boat that the robbers had given them, the justice of Martinique seized it and had it sold at auction for the sum of three thousand nine hundred and fifty pounds or approximately, the justice of which seized until ownership of said boat is claimed by someone.</p><p>Said said boat was of Bermudian construction, port of 40 tons or thereabouts. </p><p>After which the declarant entered as a passenger together with Pierre Sagory, second pilot, and Pierre Perré, cooper on the ship the Saint-Esprit de Canada which passed them to La Rochelle where they disembarked on the 5th of the present month and we has requested, wishing to have this declaration verified by the above-named gentlemen On the said vessel Concorde whom he has summoned and to whom, having read this declaration.</p><p>The number of 15 men, not including the drowned man above Pierre Fortier, 2nd lieutenant, native of Audierne, who died on the crossing[:] </p><p>Joseph Dupuy, des Sables, ensign,</p><p>Louis Despiose. pilot,</p><p>Jean Coupard, cooper,</p><p>Pierre Perron, rooster,</p><p>François Nestier, baker,</p><p>Jacques Carré, sailor,</p><p>Pierre Lemoyne, cooper</p><p>Guillaume Guillonet, sailor.</p><p>Francois Lombard, bosun [bossman, <span face="Roboto, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-size: 14px;">a ship's officer in charge of equipment and the crew]</span></p><p>Jacques Gauthier, sailor.</p><p>Peter Lambert,</p><p>Jacques Bosseau</p><p>Fleury. ...</p><p>René Roulet, cook. </p><p><br /></p><p>--------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p><br /></p><p>APPENDIX VII: April 27, 1718. Verification La Concorde. ADLA B 4578 f° 90v & s.. (2 photocopied sheets).</p><p>Verification and addition of the declaration of Ernaut lieutenant for La Concorde looted and taken by pirates.</p><p>Appeared the Sieur Pierre Dosset of Nantes, former master and commander of the ship named La Concorde de Nantes, of the port of 200 tons or approximately, armed with 14 guns and equipped with 72 men all included by the Sieur René Montaudouin, bourgeois and owner of that vessel.</p><p>From which said captain the oath taken with a raised hand he swore to tell the truth and to which after having read to him the declaration made by Mr. François Ernaud, his first lieutenant on his said ship La Concorde dated April 27, he recognized this sincere and true.</p><p>He only wishes to add that when he had the misfortune to be captured by the pirate ships mentioned in the above dated statement, the declarant said he had then on board the number of 455 heads of blacks of all sexes and ages, 61 blacks having died during the crossing Which together make 516 heads that he had in the said place of Judah.</p><p>Said to have ordered Charles Baudin, his second lieutenant on the said vessel, to take five pounds of gold powder from Mr. Turgot, lieutenant on the vessel Le Ruby de Saint-Malo, which the said Bardieu handed over to him declaring and that the said gold powder was taken and looted by the pirates together with thirteen pounds six ounces belonging half and half to the Dosset and Martin sirs and friends.</p><p>In addition fourteen ounces belonging to the cargo of the said ship and another eight ounces belonging to Pierre Sagory, 2nd pilot, plus three ounces belonging to Mr. Moret for 3 ounces of brandy he had entrusted to him, plus two ounces belonging to Pierre Fauquéres, first ensign on the said ship that he had found in his trunk after his death, while making the inventory and sale of his clothes, the said death preceding the said actions of the pirates.</p><p>Said further that the said pirates would have embarked sixty blacks in the boat of Henri St Amour which was found in La Grenade stranded on the quay. Which declaring to him declared to send fifteen blacks that he claimed in Martinique having recognized them by the mark of the ship. All of which blacks joined together have produced according to the account provided by the declarant to his citizens and shipowners the sum of one hundred and sixteen thousand nine hundred and sixty five pounds ten sols.</p><p>In addition said to have received only the sum of 3600 pounds for the sale of the pirate boat which was sold at auction by the Ministry of Justice whatever it is by the declaration of Mr. Ernaud. that it had been sold 3950 pounds having been reduced by judicial authority by the sum of 350 pounds for a cable purchased by court order from Mr. Estyefore, merchant in Saint-Pierre de La Martinique. In addition, he was found for the sum of 737 pounds of cocoa, and for 62 pounds of casks and a copper cauldron sold for 212 pounds, plus 600 pounds for two negroes who had been stolen from them by Spaniards and who declared her recovered. All the sums joined are that of one hundred and nineteen thousand and twenty-six livres ten sols. Out of which sum he was compelled to pay 8926 livres 17 sols for commission, and besides for wages of the crew eleven thousand three hundred and ninety eight livres, ten sols and for other expenses made by him declaring the sum of 7554 livres. Said furthermore to have left the net from the said boat in hard cash in the hands of Mr. Georges Prevost, merchant in Martinique, who granted a receipt to the declarant in the event of a claim from the said boat.</p><p>This is the declaration which he read to him, he swore to be sincere, persisted in it and signed</p><p>DOSSET</p><p><br /></p><p>In margins:</p><p>The 61 negroes sold in Grenada produced 12,200 pounds, that of the number of blacks who were brought to Martinique, there are 56 exhausted (?) at 125 pounds each The total of blacks .... Claimed se rises to 376, of which six belong to the officers of the said vessel and 20 who died en route from Bicoya and to Martinique during the sale. 350 blacks remain which have been sold Deduct from 455 There is a loss of 105 blacks since the capture of the said vessel.</p><p>DOSSET </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhW8PUj3DFOiNeG7Cm9c9g75mkEWgXnFpqLG3DEzOcfxzOQuEsN1mDCF7ZvxyYRPYN3pY92A4cxMrZgEXG8W-zybfvoIOVHmorExKBX62ugCJHX0ln5cmMZypsCmHuX7UVbKKXybinDI0ygLvdevoP0pYb0yHLRddgJrZNWAVyjQqPaSVq7jg=s400" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="400" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhW8PUj3DFOiNeG7Cm9c9g75mkEWgXnFpqLG3DEzOcfxzOQuEsN1mDCF7ZvxyYRPYN3pY92A4cxMrZgEXG8W-zybfvoIOVHmorExKBX62ugCJHX0ln5cmMZypsCmHuX7UVbKKXybinDI0ygLvdevoP0pYb0yHLRddgJrZNWAVyjQqPaSVq7jg=w400-h316" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br />Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-38786116220229114732022-01-15T13:21:00.014-08:002022-02-04T14:38:05.825-08:00Introduction to "Defining North Carolina" or How Historians Have Often Failed Us!<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgWa6kpMPYoyC-jLwLqaGSR2pkUHfKf4twlFQWADCeRlavJ9y22BZuKBDhP1hw1TRyfVbYwkE69OshTr976TWM27487UwR4n8qhKNaulobu34aMi9k2AZG3O-OVho7uaSx5yZK8wYgEgNxLNfdW_BS_Id88ISia0_8zUFJ4wC0MCABudh3Zgg=s210" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="210" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgWa6kpMPYoyC-jLwLqaGSR2pkUHfKf4twlFQWADCeRlavJ9y22BZuKBDhP1hw1TRyfVbYwkE69OshTr976TWM27487UwR4n8qhKNaulobu34aMi9k2AZG3O-OVho7uaSx5yZK8wYgEgNxLNfdW_BS_Id88ISia0_8zUFJ4wC0MCABudh3Zgg=w320-h279" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">[In the <i>Galaxy </i>Magazine]: I shall not often
meddle with politics, because we have a political Editor who is already
excellent and only needs to serve a term or two in the penitentiary to be
perfect.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">- Mark Twain, a
Biography<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.8px;"><span style="font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.3333px;">Also check out: </span></span><a href="https://bcbrooks.blogspot.com/2019/02/quest-for-blackbeard-and-counterfactual.html" style="text-align: left;">B.C. Brooks: A Writer's Hiding Place: "Quest for Blackbeard" and the "Counterfactual" Politics of the South (bcbrooks.blogspot.com)</a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua", "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;">Mark Twain’s quote
above might well have described the modern Republican Party, which far
outnumbers the Democrat Party in criminal indictments and convictions. North
Carolina has always suffered from a dominant criminal political conservatism.
You might be surprised to learn it began over 300 years ago, first with
Barbadians who settled Carolina, and then with Edward Moseley’s criminal
“Family” syndicate. Twain was not alone in his assessment. The development of
our American democracy in 1776 often brought conservatives and liberals to
loggerheads in the attempt to finally realize the “American dream” proposed in
the Constitution. We still haven’t reached that point and past historians, enamored with the "Great Men" who dominated our history, have often failed us all!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Carolina politics was an
early example into this uniquely American warfare from within that helped shape
the Civil War. Many battles have been waged within the colony and state – and,
most historians have viewed these conflicts as growing pains – a perhaps divine
push towards progress. <span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Still,
social progress has stagnated and truly, North Carolina politics has not
changed a great deal since Carolina’s founding in 1671.</span> Journalist Rob Christensen viewed
North Carolina as “nuanced, multi-layered, and at times contradictory.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[1]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
He may have envisioned Jesse Helms when he wrote the title for <i>A Paradox of Tar Heel Politics</i>. Still,
his thoughts may have drifted farther back in North Carolina’s history to another
man who had as much influence on Tarheel politics in the eighteenth century as
Helms did in the twentieth. Christ’s
Hospital’s “Old Blue,” Edward Moseley easily defined Christensen’s notions of
the Carolina “big boys,” or powerful Carolina conservatives! He came to
Carolina from London, an educated member of an elite family fallen on ill
fortunes. English Moseleys encountered uncomfortable religious discord and liberalizing
political changes in their Tory empire of Stuart England. Edward left to escape
these changes and to seek financial redemption… to build his own empire in a faraway
frontier land of massive real potential! <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">He was a rare
element of Carolina’s “Family” political syndicate that did not come directly
from a “bedeviled” Caribbean world – a land “beyond the lines of amity” – most originating
in Barbados. Excusing crude methods found unacceptable at home in England, America
offered outcast conservative gentlemen like Moseley the greatest asset that
islanders could only dream about: LAND and massive tracts of it! America was
Edward Moseley’s chance to realize the riches that God had divinely ordained
for all gentleman of his fiscal ideology after England’s so-called “Glorious
Revolution” of 1688 chastised them for their Stuart impudence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">You see, that year,
Protestant Dutchman William of Orange replaced the Stuart king James II,
dispelling <i>almost</i> forever the Tory or
conservative notion of a divine monarch on the throne – Stuarts had one last
hurrah under Queen Anne (1702-1713). Yes, she was the last Stuart, but it
cannot be ignored that her family influenced America the most, for more than
100 years. Edward Moseley attempted to emulate the habits of his ancestors as
they followed Charles I and II and attempted to follow James III in the
Jacobite Rebellions – as any Stuart-loving pirate in America! Moseley would carry
on his own crude capitalist monarchy in North Carolina and helpd create the
political “Paradox” that Christensen saw.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">These “land pirates”
– took advantage of a crude swampy wilderness in America from which they might
build their own unique – often aggressive – version of a mercantile Utopic
kingdom. It must have offered everything of which Moseley dreamed because once
he arrived, he never left. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Owing to his duplicitous
self-serving methods, Moseley’s controversial actions were barely remembered
for a century, but his posthumous reputation encountered a renaissance in the defeated
anger of other conservative North Carolinians after the Civil War – searching
for icons, heroes of their own martial political caste. Since this bloody conflict,
North Carolinians have regarded him as a great champion for the state:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Of all the men who
watched and guided the tottering footsteps of our infant State, there was not
one who in intellectual ability, in solid and polite learning, in scholarly
cultivation and refinement, in courage and endurance, in high Christian morality,
in generous consideration for the welfare of others, in all true merit in fine,
which makes a man among men, who could equal Edward Moseley.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">---- Hon. George
Davis<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[2]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">While reading this quote, we must keep in
mind that the “Hon. George Davis” of Wilmington was once the Attorney-General
of the Confederacy. He was not referring to the United States in totality, but
to his own “State” (or, perhaps, “country” is the more apt word for Davis’
thinking) of North Carolina. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Most likely, Davis never
believed that North Carolina belonged in the United States, even after the war
– in fact, he surely did not. This same anti-government Christianized ideology
and the veneration of such unlikely heroes dominated Southern Democrats through
that war, the cold war of the Janus-faced“Progressive Era,” right up through
the 1960s and Civil Rights. For these “Great Men” – compared to John Wayne by
one author – “the heroes who best embodied militant Christian masculinity were
those unencumbered by radtional Christian virtues.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Militant masculinity linked religion with secular conservatism. In 1968, these early
Southern Democrats joined the more comfortably fascist Republican Party. The
Republican Party then adopted a similar white evangelist approach in the “Moral
Majority” and truly devolved as these conservatives attempted to “Rise Again”
and defeat the scourge of Black Power that threatened the master race!<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Deep South’s martial
– essentially feudal – ideology was recognized quite early by many British
writers, one who called America the “Commonwealth of Pyrates” in his book as
early as 1724. Englishmen of the eighteenth century and perhaps some today considered
“provincials” or Americans to be as “notorious” as Golden-Age pirates. British
antiquarian Captain J. H. Lawrence-Archer in the nineteenth century wrote that the
young, rebellious, provincial upstart of America was still a pirate or rogue
nation and it was apparent in their Civil War. He offered that the king’s
pardon of pirates in September 1717 “gave an abiding salvo to the consciences
of English desperadoes, (similar to those under the belligerent Federals and
Confederates, in the piratical Alabamas, Georgias, and Floridas lately sweeping
the high seas).”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Like many
ex-Confederates, George Davis elevated a controversial kinsman he then believed
was a “Great Man,” or hero to his “State” or “Country.” The man responsible for
this early fallacious method of inquiry, Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle,
called them “someone who was ‘unmistakably’ sent to earth by God.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The state’s twentieth-century Southern “redeemer” historiography asserted that the
byzantine Edward Moseley was, as D.H. Hill said in 1906, “always on the side of
the people.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[7]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
Hill’s reference did not actually say “against a secular United States Government,”
but most of his ilk intended just that sentiment. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Although redeemer
narratives still hold great sway among popular history in the state, Edward
Moseley’s deeds did not survive as well as others <i>before </i>the Civil War. Then,
he enjoyed a brief resurgence. Afterwards, he was again quickly forgotten and
we must pose the question as to why that happened. What made Moseley such a
difficult subject to explore? What happened to Edward Moseley’s reputation in North
Carolina historiography? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Owing to a
lingering revolutionary fervor that followed 1776, early American historians
tended to elevate their own questionable souls – of course, I’m also thinking
of Samuel Adams and his “Sons of Liberty” – to hero status. Essentially a
terrorist – but, one for our side – Adams’ pro-American crimes were forgotten. Moseley’s
Family also contributed their penchant for conflict to the Revolution. Understandably,
American scholars were enamored with their shiny new country and all of its
founding members – even the proudly felonious ones. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Dr. Hugh Williamson
is considered North Carolina’s first official state historian. One should,
however, hesitate to call him a true “historian.” In reality, Williamson was
trained as a physician, became a soldier, and then a politician. Arguably, he was
not trained for and had little time for history – for truly examining and
studying the past in an objective, meaningful way. He was not taught the
critical discipline of historical inquiry – the proper methods and theories. Most
of these early antiquarians of past recorders and commentators had not, either
– especially those of the American South following the Civil War. Williamson
possessed similar biases to his friends in the Deep South. “Historians” of the
Antebellum Era honed their political polemicism like their Barbadians ancestors
before them – upon the blood and sweat of African and Indian slaves. They
learned to use the stories of the past as a warrior’s tool to buy and sell
people, get someone elected, pass a bill, or destroy an opponent. Like his adopted
Family in North Carolina, Williamson served as a U.S. Congressman and House
delegate to the Constitutional Convention. These types of men demonstrated
perhaps the best fit for Mark Twain’s later impression of the “criminal”
politician. As a political polemicist with a flair for the written word, Williamson
wrote many “histories” of the state that the more astute professional later regarded
as “fake news” – however, most North Carolinians were proud to call him
“historian.” He’s still much quoted today – again – mostly <i>within</i> the state!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">The physician,
lawyer, and politician wrote <i>History of
North Carolina, Volumes I and II </i>in 1812, establishing him as the new
state’s official authority on history. Winners write history they say and this
is absolutely true, though the “history” that they generate is artificial, biased,
and invalid. History is <i>supposed</i> to
be the scholarly struggle to seek truth – although it has rarely been used in so
pure a fashion, especially by politicians with an agenda. Williamson’s writing
was carefully sculpted by such agendas and needs of his friends – those in
political power at the time – most of whom were members of Edward Moseley’s
Family.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Williamson typified
the “Great Man” “historian” or antiquarian, as most of those trained in the
historical method will recognize the word. Wealthy and educated – again like
his Carolina gentlemen friends – Williamson came to the state from Philadelphia
to practice medicine in the midst of rebellion and revolution, late in his
career. The rest of this state’s history he had to discern or recreate from
scattered records and friendly tales of blustering hubris he learned over
glasses of brandy with his fellow warriors. He learned grandiose stories of family pride from
conversations in officer’s tents at the battle for Charleston in the American
Revolution. Perhaps he heard a few in the halls of the Capitol building in
Washington, D.C. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">North Carolina’s
history has relied upon Hugh Williamson like the history of Golden Age pirates
has relied upon an early eighteenth-century cheap dime novel written by a
suspicious author, sold on docks and street corners in port cities to the few
who could read, and craved a “plucky” tale to pass the time on the Atlantic
crossing. I refer, of course, to “Capt. Charles Johnson’s” <i>A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious
Pyrates, </i>published in 1724<i>. </i>This
book is essentially historical fiction; it makes for great reading, but
contains little if any valid opinions or analysis – simply regurgitated
bravado. Eminent professor of literature Dr. Manushag Powell’s term for this
book is “counterfactual.” Moreover, its author was actually a Jacobite
polemicist newspaper publisher in London named Nathaniel Mist, a man who had
been jailed repeatedly by government authorities – and who needed money to pay
his fines. In other words, Mist was no reputable historical source. As every
writer of fiction, he never used citations to support his tales – to
demonstrate objectivity – to invite critical inquiry.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Like pirate
populists with “Charles Johnson,” we North Carolinians have copied Williamson
over and over and over. We spin it a little this way and that, referring to it as
a valid historical source. Though more cautious today, we have rarely condemned
it in the past, considering it established “truth” on which to build. Remarkably,
his tales have essentially survived unscathed – perhaps we are yet reticent to
give up the “Great Men” of our history? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Gen. Hugh
Williamson’s associations with Edward Moseley’s Family tell the tale. He
befriended Gen. John Baptiste Ashe, Jr. of Wilmington, a nephew of Edward
Moseley and son of a man who once bailed Moseley out of jail. He served in the
American Revolution with Ashe in South Carolina and again in the first two
terms as U.S. Congressmen from North Carolina. He knew Ashe’s family well and
should have regarded his uncle Moseley at least as well as Gen. Ashe, but even he
barely mentions this “incidental” Edward Moseley in his two-volume <i>History of North Carolina.<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[8]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
</i>Even an antiquarian like Williamson regarded the accomplished statesman
Moseley with suspicion. What he dares to say is brief. Moseley’s reputation
must have been “too hot to handle” – even for a conservative gentleman
polemicist! Still, his conservative friends had not yet lost a major war and popular
refutation of their martial slaving ideology!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Perhaps a bit of
light peeked through a few decades later, under a more determined examiner. Reverend
and perhaps more astute and honest historian Francis Lister Hawks declared in
1858 that Moseley was "friend of Carey in his rebellion, the opponent of
Governor Hyde while he lived, and of Colonel Pollock during the [Tuscarora]
Indian war."<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[9]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
The good Reverend Hawks goes on to praise Moseley’s devotion to church affairs
and “patriotic” sense of duty, but intuitively questions his motives. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Hawks was not a
revisionist, a redeemer, or even sympathetic with the Confederacy. He wrote his
history <i>before</i> the Civil War. Even
though he was from New Bern, he lived most of his life in Connecticut and New
York. He was not inclined toward the latter Southern redeemer polemics or “fake
news.” And, he was certainly no friend of Gen. Hugh Williamson. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hawks accurately accused Williamson of being an amateurish historian,
often giving “no reference at all” for his arguments “as was his habit.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[10]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
Hawks appeared to admirably rely upon primary evidence for his conclusions –
colonial records he studied on his trips home. </span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Hawks saw Moseley much differently
than North Carolina’s traditional historians: Hugh Williamson, George Davis, or
James Franklin Shinn, the first to brave a short essay on Edward Moseley in
1899. Hawks accurately regarded Moseley as “Hasty in his temperament and
resolute in his purposes, he unquestionably, in his moments of excitement,
sometimes overstepped the limits prescribed by a sound discretion, and made
himself more vulnerable than became a man of his talents and attainments.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
He also averred that the records showed “no better impression than that he was
a factious man of acknowledged ability, who could find little use for his
talents save that of stirring up strife and encouraging contention for ends
purely selfish.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Still, the kind and forgiving reverend yet added, “We do not think this was his
true character.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Hawks’ publication,
again, preceded the civil struggle. Two
years later, the defeated state grew hardened and bitter. History became an
even more pointed weapon, an acrimonious and spiteful tool of political revenge.
The political cyclic nature of North Carolina history during the post-war era almost
never strayed from the right side of the political spectrum. Its ahistoric monarch
– defeated, but not forgotten – remained seated upon a battered throne, patched
back together and re-gilt with “Lost Cause” revisionism and more blatant lies.
During this time of Southern conservative political dominion, the academic
discipline of history well-represented by men like Francis Hawks faded. It was
replaced by Williamson’s original state-glorifying brand, like that of John
Baptiste Ashe’s descendent Samuel A’Court Ashe, or Waddell, or of many others whose
biased rhetoric demanded no argument or criticism, much like today’s Fox News.
In this vengeful martial atmosphere, historical truths became malleable objects
of stubborn opinion – not fact, but “alternative fact,” or Dr. Powell’s
“counterfactual.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Researchers found
that they had to be cautious with Moseley. He did not attain such “Great Man”
status until well after 1865 and even then, his reign during the post-war
Progressive Era was short. This caution was a complex thing to understand. Moseley
reached “Great Man” status artificially; his misdeeds, greed, and war-profiteering
left a bad taste in the mouths of even American historians before the War
Between the States. His careful criminal methods, however, were not considered
quite so distasteful for the losers of the South after that Civil War. These
men were eager to redeem their heritage and for “Great Men” and other heroes to
defend their “Lost Cause.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Carolinas adopted
their uniquely Stuart/West-Indian conservative style well from their Barbadian
ancestors. This autocratic style later transmitted across the Deep South.
Indeed, Carolina was the heart and cradle of the Confederacy. One might expect
anyone associated with Carolina’s early growth to figure prominently in Confederate
redeemer history as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">In confident
contrast before and after the Civil War, the ex-Confederate George Davis of
Wilmington – lately, the Attorney General of the Confederate States – suddenly
crowned the forgotten Edward Moseley as a man of “scholarly cultivation and
refinement.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[14]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
William L. Saunders, alleged leader of the Ku Klux Klan – first man to take the
fifth-amendment in a Congressional hearing and editor of the <i>North Carolina Colonial Records </i>–
declared Moseley’s “undying love of free government, and his indomitable
maintenance of the rights of the people.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[15]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> One might
wonder to which “government” Saunders had referred: the Union or his formerly
defeated Confederacy. Saunders had read the colonial documents. He knew the
details in them; the former Confederate soldier-turned politician simply used
their words to formulate his own redeemer narratives. Secretary of the
Historical Commission, Robert Diggs Wimberly Connor’s <i>Makers of North Carolina History </i>agrees with Saunders and flatters
Moseley to the point of incredulity.<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Conner, in his <i>History, </i>elevated
Moseley to North Carolina’s historical “Swamp Majesty,” writing “For forty
years Moseley’s biography is practically the history of North Carolina.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
He also said that few could deny this fact. “Those who did not hate him adored
him,” continued Conner in the arguably Fox News fascistic tone of Tucker
Carlson, “An aristocrat by nature, he was a [Southern] democrat by convictions
and in practice.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Historian James
Franklin Shinn wrote “Edward Moseley: A North Carolina Colonial Patriot and
Statesman” in the <i>Publications of the
Southern History Association </i>in 1899. This was largely another revisionist
version of Edward Moseley’s life, again depending strongly upon George Davis,
who erroneously believed the British Moseley hailed from Princess Anne County,
Virginia – in the old capital of the American Deep South – not Britain! Shinn
also erroneously argued that Moseley must have lived in Barbados – the original
origins of Carolina – for a while before coming to North Carolina. Overall,
Shinn defended Moseley, as did Davis, asserting “his good name is seriously
damaged only by the obscurity which has lasted too long.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[19]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a> Davis, in
this line, spoke directly to historian Francis Lister Hawks, who famously
described Moseley’s aberrant behavior in 1858.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">All this sudden praise
for Edward Moseley! Still, no one then, or even later, bothered to write a full
biography of the man. Odd, isn’t it?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Here, we encounter
a twisted, confusing anomaly of our political language. This “democrat” to whom
Conner refers was no Democrat of today. Ex-slaving “Southern Democrats” share
nothing in common with the South’s disdainfully-viewed “party of African
Americans” of today. Southern Democrats were highly socially conservative
people of the early twentieth century. They had once enslaved the African, yet wanted
“God” written into their Confederate Constitution. Their anti-government
Republican cousins of today wanted the federal government “drowned in the
bathtub,” as Republican lobbyist Grover Norquist so ineloquently phrased it.
They were certainly not the “party of African Americans” of today with whom Democrats
are presently associated – indeed, quite the opposite. Their glorified yet defeated
Confederacy defiantly resisted social amalgamation into the Union like
Republicans today threaten democracy. Their anti-government rhetoric then more
ideologically reflected the recent so-called “Moral Majority” evangelicals of
Jerry Falwell or today’s anti-democratic Ku Klux Klan, Tea-Party, America
First, or MAGA (Make America Great Again) seditionist Republicans who attacked
the Capitol on January 6, 2021! Politicians in North Carolina seem to have
always hidden their fascist, undemocratic ways behind contradictory labels – again<i>,</i> Christensen’s <i>Paradox</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Republicans of
today – like Southern Democrats of yesterday – would have been quite fond of
the controversial Edward Moseley. Still, not quite fond enough of Moseley to
admit it openly and embarrass themselves. “Possessed of vast estates, of many
slaves, and of great wealth,” again continued Conner of Moseley, as if
describing a venerated scion of the Mint-Julip-drinking anti-government
Confederacy, “a devoted Churchman,” like Falwells “Moral Majority,” he
“espoused the cause of dissenters in their fight against the establishment.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Segregationists –
advocates of keeping blacks and whites apart – in North Carolina usually spoke
fondly both of God and slavery – often in the same breath, as though their god
would approve of their inhumane and unchristian practices. Arguably, this is the
way Conner envisioned his defeated Confederacy. Conner poured out “Lost Cause”
veneration for Moseley’s wealth and power that literally dripped with worship. And,
he asserted States-Rights ideology in his praise. He compared Moseley to great leaders,
with “the boldness of thought and of action that people admire,” and “common
sense and self-poise… and the honesty of purpose which, regardless of his own
interests, made it impossible for him to wink at the usurpations of authority.”<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Conner glorified Moseley’s wealth, rebellion, anti-government ideas, and
slavery in a full page and a half of lionized worship – some 40-50 years after
Robert E. Lee’s surrender! Indeed, Moseley and his Family wholly embodied the Southern
Democrat’s political point of view with the unspoken caveat of the desire to
“rise again.” And, with the establishment of segregation in <i>Plessy v. Ferguson</i> in 1896, the
paradoxically-named “Progressive Era” began. The second iteration of the Ku
Klux Klan came about in 1915 and numerous statues were erected on courthouse
grounds and other government property across the entire South and beyond! <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Undeniably,
Southern Democrats had given rebirth to their Confederacy – it had, indeed, “risen
again.” Historian Heather Cox Richardson even declares as much in her book <i>How the South Won the Civil War: Oligarchy,
Democracy, and the Continuing Fight for the Soul of America! </i>And, Edward
Moseley finally became recognized as a hero – still, no biographies. The only
thing that North Carolinians remember of his accomplishments is his famous map
of 1733! We all love the map!<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Moseley’s reputational
resurrection continued to encounter difficulties. Most historians and even
those who knew him best – his Family – always remained cautious and slack on
detail. Williamson, Davis, and Conner, like Republican propagandists today,
spouted praise, veneration, and sickly-sweet rhetoric – few words of actual substance.
Even his own family tended to ignore him or mentioned him only in passing. Confederate
captain Samuel A’Court Ashe, grandson of Governor Samuel Ashe and a
great-nephew of Edward Moseley, in editing the <i>Biographical History of North Carolina, </i>included three generations
of the Moore side of the family. Yet, he neglected to include his great-uncle,
Edward Moseley in his list of one hundred prominent men of North Carolina. Still,
Moseley literally drew the geographical boundaries of Ashe’s home state! Assuredly,
his contemporaries would have placed the capable surveyor and statesman Moseley
high on that same list – but, these men had been politically and militarily
beaten and relied solely upon polemics to get beyond that defeat. They dare not
elevate Moseley too highly or risk someone rereading Francis Hawks’ <i>History, </i>thereby losing their base!<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Cape Fear author James
Sprunt, writing in 1906, speaks of Moseley’s famous map, but diverts around his
significantly criminal contributions to the development of Lower Cape Fear. Why,
certainly, did even James Sprunt not speak of him? Was it because Sprunt also
understood the criminal methods used by Moseley and his Family to gain
prominence and steal massive tracts of land in the Lower Cape Fear?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">After the
Progressive Era, the political landscape changed once again – through economic
destruction and utter despair. Excessive capitalistic cycles broke down through
three consecutive Republican administrations. Finally, with Republican
President Herbert Hoover’s attacks on World-War I “Bonus Army” veterans and
Robber Barons’ abuse of the Federal Reserve and the gold standard brought on the
resulting Great Depression of 1929. Modern Democratic President Franklin Delano
Roosevelt took office after Hoover and dealt the “New Deal,” restoring public
confidence. This was despite another rebellion – an oligarchic and fascist
attempt to overthrow his presidency in the “Business Plot of 1933” – even
before Nazis came to power in Germany!<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
After the failure of wealthy capitalists in this first fascist insurrection, they
then preferred the former, long-established <i>status
quo </i>and Congress helped them by letting this history quietly fade into
oblivion. Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s “New Deal” established social programs to
help the majority of Americans and the country breathed a sigh of relief. This
compares to President Joseph R. Biden’s work to fight the Covid Pandemic and once
again save America from the second fascist attempt by Donald Trump to overthrow
the United States’ government on January 6<sup>th</sup>, 2021! Also comparable
to FDR’s democratic work were the more egalitarian “Society” of the Quakers in
the Albemarle during the Cary Rebellion, or the establishment of British royal
control through the duke of Newcastle in the Brunswick Settlement in the Lower
Cape Fear. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Federal Socialism
didn’t stop with Roosevelt, for the people enjoyed their Social Security – the constitutional
effort of “promoting the general welfare” of the people. Surprisingly, a
Southerner, Lyndon Baines Johnson – though perhaps not a true “Southern
Democrat” – accelerated it forward with Civil Rights in 1964, Voting Rights and
Medicare in 1965. Johnson has incurred conservative’s verbal wrath ever since. Civil
Rights dealt yet another blow against the “Old South’s” formerly segregationist
fascist regime and the Wealthy Industrialists of the North who liked cheap
labor and their old factory towns. For the old Southern Democrats, however, this
betrayal of Johnson’s resulted in great political realignments and more
“paradoxical” behavior.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Confederates, or
Southern Democrats, traded that now-despised name for one that better reflected
their ideology and mood, the rhetorically cleaner – and much more conservative
(after Civil Rights) – “Republican.”
“Democrat” remained with those who championed egalitarianism, democracy,
socialism, or the rights of all the people. African Americans – with the new rights
of a finally-growing democracy – then gained the same power as their former
masters! This later term “Democrat” this time better fit the proponents of
democracy, don’t you think? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">We then elected our
first African-American president to two terms. In this fresh cycle of progress,
the revived democracy and their truly progressive social views rose to the top
again. Again, working Americans nearly triumphed over the wealthy and powerful
“Great Men” who once suppressed our democracy and ruled our history from their
gilt political thrones. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Still, the old Stuart-Tory-conservative
regime did not quietly acquiesce under a progressive pounding. Redeemers were again
determined to “rise again” and they fought back in the next administration.
They flared their nostrils like the Family did on the west shores of the Cape
Fear River in 1733. Again, white-supremacists had just another racist reaction
to our first African-American president. This time, however, they are essentially
destroying what remains of their political reputation. MAGA and Q-Anon use
blatantly ridiculous rhetoric, insanely waiting for the rising of the dead to
come back and lead them against the oppressive government! Ironically, these
conservatives trashed the reputation of their new designation of “Republican”
as they had their old “Southern Democrat.” They exhibited no less than a childish
tantrum and attempted another fascist insurrection, 2021 is 1933 like 1733,
like 1708! The hits just keep coming!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Thus, stories of
this nature can be told once again – social and economic progress and equality
may be advanced once again. North Carolina enters that older, nascent realm
once again – before the Anglicans came – before the rich slaving Barbadians
came – before the Confederates came – before their ideological friend Edward
Moseley came. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">This is the history
of our struggle as a democratic people, North Carolinians and all Americans –
the cyclic high-low process of reflection and repression. The parodoxical
politics have a great deal to do with changing demographics – the descent from
“white-dominated” or master-slave power dynamics. Truly inspirational, “Moral
Mondays” has become a new phrase in our daily vocabulary, like “Me Too” or
“Black Lives Matters (BLM).” North Carolinians of the 99% are again rising up
and revolting against their wealthy capitalist “betters.” Truly inspirational! It
can happen, even here, in the merciless Stuart conservative <i>Paradox</i> of the “Old North State.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Conservatives like
Edward Moseley may now be critically examined once again. “Great Man” historical bias can be pushed
aside once again. We can openly examine Moseley’s crimes – learn why he was
ignored before – and, why the reticence to write his biography! “Quakers” are <i>his</i> judges this time! <o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua", "serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; text-align: left;">There’s
a reason why Donald Trump’s insane MAGA movement is so large: because social historians
are beginning to reach the truth and a lot of hateful and embarrassed people don’t want it told.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">If history serves
any profound purpose, it is this – to inform and reveal humanity’s weaknesses,
faults, passions, and potentials. History should <i>never</i> be used to support fascist, anti-democratic attributes –
indeed, Nazi Germany’s Adolph Hitler’s book-burning tactics gave us a clue. History
repeats itself only because we fail to learn from it – we miss its lessons. It
very often becomes the tool of the politician, especially in early paradoxical
North Carolina, as journalist Rob Christensen viewed it when he wrote the often
humorous and yet, revolting <i>A Paradox of
Tar Heel Politics</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Aside from
conservative redeemer politics, part of the state’s Moseley problem lay in his completely
befuddled origins. Again, no definitive work to date – until now – has ever
been produced about the controversial treasurer, surveyor-general, proprietor’s
deputy, member of the governor’s council, even briefly acting-governor Edward
Moseley. Nineteenth-century political rhetoric forced reality into near
intellectual oblivion!<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[25]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Such an important historical
figure as Edward Moseley, having held numerous offices and producing maps of
such value, forming the shape of the state we know today, one should expect numerous
historical works devoted to him. Still, none
have emerged, certainly none of any length. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Few historians dare
to enter this miry, murky, and mysterious political swamp of North Carolina’s
early history. Voluminous extant primary records still reveal Hawks’ “factious
man of acknowledged ability” quite unlike the man described by politician
Davis, or historians Hill and Conner.<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
This book follows that deeply-explorative new direction despite whatever actual
or imaginary dangers may be lurking in the swampy conservative political waters.
Hopefully, there’ll be no flying flagpoles or fire extinguishers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Moseley was not the
glorified figure presented by revisionists and redeemers and it must be said!
Myth must be dispelled! John F. Kennedy Jr. will not come back to life, no
matter how many Q-Anon cultists march in the streets of Dallas, Texas! <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Unquestionably, almost
the day young Edward Moseley arrived in North Carolina, he began irritating his
colleagues, presuming undeserved authority, and catalyzing rebellion. He was
young and perhaps impetuous – but also a privileged narcissist who fled to
America to find treasure – to rebuild his formerly-wealthy family’s failed
finances. He was an educated, but inexperienced opportunistic London youth that,
at first, was outmaneuvered by his betters – yet, he enjoyed the opulent gilt
trappings of his Anglican church. Truly, Moseley was a talented and
opportunistic politician. He played both sides when it gave him advantage. He
left few writings of a personal nature. His will of 1749 and several maps and
sketches are all that survive of an intelligent, yet greedy, careless, and
socially-irresponsible man.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Moseley’s
contemporary hometown bard, John Milton described “Satan” in <i>Paradise Lost </i>as a fallen angel who
values earthly treasure over all other things.<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Of course, posterity seldom looks favorably upon a follower of Mammon, greed,
or… “earthly treasures.” It could be that in the wilds of early North Carolina,
such a conservative gentleman and Mammon devotee from London might capitalize
upon resources so effectively and attain such regal status so quickly – as well
as the condemnation and reserve of many an historian. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">At first, Edward Moseley’s
career stalled in the Albemarle’s early colonial backwater politics; however,
he did grow and learn. His intellect and fine education aided him to overcome his
defeats on the early dividing line determination with Virginia. He may then
have successfully sought revenge against a rival – perhaps even had this man
killed. He secured coveted positions of power, started an Indian war, and
developed two maps of extraordinary value to the colony and state. He also helped
to end the life of his brief business partner-turned rival – the pirate Edward
“Blackbeard” Thache – retaking control of North Carolina’s colonial markets from
rival pirates who would disable his profits. Later, he helped blind British
officials from his Family’s illegal actions to usurp the Lower Cape Fear as a
separate colony – under their own private authority – as “kings of Cape Fear.”
And, by default, he became the most important part of the beginnings of the
lucrative port of Wilmington, Brunswick Town’s rival. Through his numerous
profiteering ventures, he literally defined the shape of North Carolina, top to
bottom. His motives were economic – not morally pure, despite what he might
tell his fellow church deacons in Edenton. He truly was a “factious” man of
personal profit – a follower of “Mammon” or greed and perhaps helped set the
crude capitalist tone for America itself!<a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
</span>
<div><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Rob Christensen, <i>The Paradox of Tar Heel politics: the Personalities, Elections, and Events
that Shaped Modern North Carolina </i>(Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of
North Carolina Press, 2008), 4.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
D. H. Hill, “Edward Moseley: Character Sketch,” <i>The North Carolina Booklet, </i>Vol. V, No. 3 (Raleigh, N.C.: North
Carolina Society - Daughters of the Revolution, July 1905), 202.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Kristen Kobes du Mez, <i>Jesus and John
Wayne: How White Evangelicals Corrupted a Faith and Fractured a Nation</i>
(Kindle version) (Liveright Publishing, 2020), 10.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Oh, they warned us. They did. I’m sure you’ve seen the bumper stickers,
t-shirts, and patches. As a young boy growing up with family in the Lower Cape
Fear, I possessed some of these prideful paraphernalia myself – even had a
Confederate flag once! But, I grew up, studied my family’s history, and
discovered Christensen’s “Paradox” on my own. I always felt when driving from
Fayettevile, where I was born, to Pender County where my mother’s family lived,
that there was a subtle, but definite difference to that region. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Captain J. H. Lawrence-Archer, <i>Monumental
Inscriptions of the British West Indies</i> (London: Chatto and Windus, 1875),
6; Nathaniel Mist, writing as “Capt. Charles Johnson” in <i>A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious
Pyrates </i>(London: 1724).<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
https://thedecisionlab.com/reference-guide/anthropology/great-man-theory; According
to the early-twentieth century and now-defunct “Great Man Theory,” great
leaders are born, not made. Leadership traits are inherent and cannot be
learned. Great leaders come forward when they’re most needed, in order to
become the foundation upon which history is built. Essentially, according to
the Great Man Theory, people in positions of power deserve to lead because of
characteristics granted to them at birth, which ultimately help them become
heroes.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Hill, “Edward Moseley,” 204.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Hugh Williamson, <i>The History of North Carolina, Vol. 1 and 2 </i>(Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson, 1812).<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Francis Lister Hawks, <i>History of North
Carolina: with maps and illustrations, Volume 2</i> (Fayetteville, N.C.: E. J.
Hale & son, 1858), 556.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Francis Lister Hawks, <i>History of North
Carolina: With Maps and Illustrations, Vol. I </i>(Fayetteville: E. J. Hale and
Son, 1858), 143.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Hawks, <i>History of North Carolina, Vol. 2,
</i>358.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn12">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>Ibid., </i>359. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn13">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn14">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
George Davis, <i>Address Delivered Before
the Two Literary Societies of the University of North Carolina, June 6, 1855</i> (Raleigh: Holden and Wilson, “Standard
Office,” 1855), 18; D. H. Hill, “Edward Moseley: Character Sketch,” <i>The North Carolina Booklet, </i>Vol. V, No.
3 (Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina Society - Daughters of the Revolution, July
1905), 202.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn15">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
American Historical Association, “Annual report” (U. S. Government Printing
Office, 1896), 197.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn16">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
R.D.W. Connor, <i>Makers of North Carolina
History </i>(Raleigh, N.C.: The Thompson Publishing Company, 1911), 38-50. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn17">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Robert Diggs Wimberly Conner, <i>History of
North Carolina, Vol. I </i>(), 94.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn18">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>Ibid.; </i>This hinted at Fox News’
fascist tendency to elevate nationalism while quelching criticism.<i><o:p></o:p></i></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn19">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn20">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn21">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>Ibid.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn22">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Heather Cox Richardson, <i>How the South Won
the Civil War: Oligarchy, Democracy, and the Continuing Fight for the Soul of
America</i> (Oxford University Press, 2020).<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn23">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>Biographical History of North Carolina:
From Colonial Times to the Present,</i> ed. Samuel A’Court Ashe, Stephen B.
Weeks, and Charles L. Van Noppen (Greensboro, N.C.: Charles L. Van Noppen,
1905).<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn24">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
See… Jules Archer, <i>The Plot to Seize the
White House</i> (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1973). <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn25">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
James Sprunt, <i>Chronicles of the Cape Fear
River </i>(Raleigh, N.C.: Edwards & Broughton Printing Company, 1916); Noeleen
McIlvenna, <i>A Very Mutinous People: The
Struggle for North Carolina, 1660-1713 </i>(Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of
North Carolina Press, 2009); Stephen Feeley, <i>Tuscarora Trails: Indian Migrations, War, and Constructions of Colonial
Frontiers, Volume 1</i>, Doctoral Dissertation, College of William and Mary,
Department of History (May, 2007).<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn26">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Francis Lister Hawks, <i>History of North
Carolina, Vol. 1: Embracing the period of the proprietary government, from 1663
to 1729</i> (Fayetteville: E. J. Hale & son, 1859), 359.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn27">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
C. G. Herbermann, E. A. Pace, C. B. Pallen, T. J. Shahan, and J. J. Wynne,
editors, <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia: An
International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Discipline, Doctrine, and
History of the Catholic Church</i>, pg. 580; "Mammon" by Hugh Pope.
The Encyclopedia Press, New York, 1913.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn28">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="file:///I:/Defining%20North%20Carolina%202-2-2022.docx#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
See “Mammon” and its importance to early 18<sup>th</sup> century capitalism in
John Francis, "Chronicles and Characters of the Stock Exchange"
(1849), in <i>The Church of England
Quarterly Review</i>, Vol. XXVII (London: William Edward Painter in the Strand,
1850), 130-131.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><div id="ftn25" style="mso-element: footnote;">
</div>
</div>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-74276278693305680132021-12-15T01:54:00.002-08:002021-12-15T18:55:50.689-08:00Bahamas Shipping Records 1721-1725<p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS35AdRFNdureZrDRFHyChsnDP444XfKD2i5E2eQ3bg5oMqHvwcSU3SUv7xqOcrFW2DvZEroh9uyQU9r7zEz7EonN83Vp8y-xo3q_6BcmBBqCn28Prduqpk7t6hk2agQmsD6c9/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="400" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS35AdRFNdureZrDRFHyChsnDP444XfKD2i5E2eQ3bg5oMqHvwcSU3SUv7xqOcrFW2DvZEroh9uyQU9r7zEz7EonN83Vp8y-xo3q_6BcmBBqCn28Prduqpk7t6hk2agQmsD6c9/" width="146" /></a></b></div><b>In <i>fishing</i> about the Bahamas shipping records 1721-1725 - did you catch the pun, there? - I came across some familiar names of characters in Virginia, North Carolina, or Bahamian pirate history. </b><p></p><p><b>Of course, the Bahamas are just across the Florida Channel from the Carolinas. It's not far away. And, the Lords Proprietors in England owned both properties by 1671, so... anyway, anyone familiar with pirate history should recognize these names.</b></p><p><b>There's John Vickers, formerly of York River, Virginia, now sailing from Carolina in John Lovick's 22/29-ton sloop <i>Carolina Adventure. </i>Vicker's made a famous deposition concerning pirates Benjamin Hornigold and Henry Jennings at the Bahamas. Lovick was a commissioner, secretary, later vice-admiralty court judge, and naval collector in Carolina; he also was the first Englishman granted Ocracoke Island, where Edward "Blackbeard" Thache was killed in 1718. Small world, right? It actually was in the early 18th century.</b></p><p><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWOXV1I0tCzl51kFEAHebrNexvKPx3lRo69a8Koi2xJKXIhJPiCI3wM7ET0SIO4BrlqbOMV8nQW9LcX4Lh9IErVkHwzgWp-3OewUuMga04RPG7QpyW_s98hrMDuZQQDNY9a_v9/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="295" data-original-width="2709" height="44" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWOXV1I0tCzl51kFEAHebrNexvKPx3lRo69a8Koi2xJKXIhJPiCI3wM7ET0SIO4BrlqbOMV8nQW9LcX4Lh9IErVkHwzgWp-3OewUuMga04RPG7QpyW_s98hrMDuZQQDNY9a_v9/w400-h44/image.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;">John Vickers in 22/29-ton sloop <i>Carolina Adventure</i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br /></b><b>There's also three former pirates who had surrendered to Capt. Vincent Pearse of HMS <i>Phoenix </i>in 1718. </b><p></p><p><b>One, John Cockram, sometimes with his brother Joseph Cockram, mastered the jointly-owned 30-ton sloop of New Providence <i>Richard & John, </i>not surprisingly owned with Richard Thompson, a trader so infamous as a pirate loot dealer or fence that he was represented on Stars! series <i>Black Sails </i>as Richard Guthrie:</b></p><p><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRzUC00QTSLMTimN_jrykj4PEK-2YaVMPlFjeripEY9xbgPpfH_jKZhtJrypEpoFiASnLnBOh8p2ZgJ3H5yJcPUb_gd1lKzP25IPg6_bHQV5FhAp3cbi_SvvtqnrEOjr7Dq0m/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="491" data-original-width="793" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRzUC00QTSLMTimN_jrykj4PEK-2YaVMPlFjeripEY9xbgPpfH_jKZhtJrypEpoFiASnLnBOh8p2ZgJ3H5yJcPUb_gd1lKzP25IPg6_bHQV5FhAp3cbi_SvvtqnrEOjr7Dq0m/" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;">Sean Cameron Michael is a </span><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;">South African actor best known for his role as pirate-fence Richard Guthrie</span></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br /></b><p></p><p><b>John Cockram, of course, was the real-life pirate doctor aboard Bermudan-transplant of Kingston Henry Jennings' sloop <i>Barsheba. </i></b><b>Jennings was the nut crazy enough to raid Spanish La Florida to steal their gold & silver salvaged from 11 Spanish vessels wrecked in the hurricane of July 30, 1715. Jennings also stole a French prize originally taken by Benjamin Hornigold from Bahia Honda, Cuba! Mentioned earlier, John Vicker's deposition talked about this.</b></p><p><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi468pJfsXApbA5LfSX0uq7YCE23qkoTYQk-MwRozixmp3VsnmnTVfy7_T50RrRXq0chostyNuhc6pWQzhbqOCnm3UgWc3GPZLqfQuaMF0-fC2s73M1kRAqegGt0d0LZN_43vXG/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="2758" height="32" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi468pJfsXApbA5LfSX0uq7YCE23qkoTYQk-MwRozixmp3VsnmnTVfy7_T50RrRXq0chostyNuhc6pWQzhbqOCnm3UgWc3GPZLqfQuaMF0-fC2s73M1kRAqegGt0d0LZN_43vXG/w400-h32/image.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;">John Cockram, master of 30-ton sloop of New Providence <i>Richard & John</i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br /></b><b>But, before Jennings, Cockram sailed with <a href="http://baylusbrooks.com/index_files/Page43301.htm">Hornigold in 1714</a> to steal Spanish goods off Cuba! Newpapers said "said Cockrum fitted out of </b><b>Providence with 20 Men upon the </b><b>Coast of Florida" to steal 2,000 pieces of eight from the Spanish. </b><p></p><p><b>The records in CO 27/12, Bahamian Shipping Lists, 1721-1725 also show former pirate Daniel Stillwell as master of his own 5-ton sloop <i>Happy Return, </i>formerly owned by his father in law.</b></p><p><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRvnFT70tNZg1XUwqm8boPy9U5v7nuQ2eorsFfDm5KYtEu2Tn0yU6MFpgOVy57ZKMutFScmphMbAMM7LQnzJLSqySAfYqoyhJU1Vm65fLZ4f7BKegjdZkSR4_1v7baHgVxgHz3/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="2822" height="39" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRvnFT70tNZg1XUwqm8boPy9U5v7nuQ2eorsFfDm5KYtEu2Tn0yU6MFpgOVy57ZKMutFScmphMbAMM7LQnzJLSqySAfYqoyhJU1Vm65fLZ4f7BKegjdZkSR4_1v7baHgVxgHz3/w400-h39/image.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;">Daniel Stillwell as master of his own 5-ton sloop <i>Happy Return</i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br /></b><b>Hailing from Jamaica, Stillwell married the daughter of Jonathan Darvill before settling on Eleuthera. Borrowing Darvill’s shallop, he and a small crew (including Darvill’s son) captured a Spanish ship off of Cuba which carried over 11,000 pieces of eight around 1714.</b><p></p><p><b>Deputy Governor Thomas Walker of Nassau heard about the attack and as Spain and England had recently concluded a peace treaty, had Stillwell and his crew seized. Lacking authority to try Stillwell locally, he had Stillwell sent to Jamaica for trial. Hornigold had been using Darvill’s sloop <i>Happy Return</i> for his own piracy (and some sources indicate Hornigold had been with Stillwell off of Cuba), and had declared that all the Bahamas pirates were under his protection. He intercepted the ship carrying Stillwell and freed him, returning to Nassau to threaten Walker for interfering.</b></p><p><b>Incidentally, Thomas Walker and his sons are in these shipping records as well. The Walkers owned and operated the 15-ton New Providence-built sloop <i>Industry. </i>Neal Walker mastered the 20-gun <i>Dover </i>of New Providence. Charles Walker mastered the 10-gun <i>Two Brothers </i>of New Providence.</b></p><p><b><i></i></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIl21i8iENfh7kyNTbYH1TuXYvdNaDMxDq7EOHzaUT2gZLS9HZeHxSjE0_Q6qS4rh8r3aWL9AMG49QsXB2vSPx_78Z1vJYG7EAYK-2b_3cKcS7F4H6D0uNoGamNLnMj52P4GvM/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="291" data-original-width="2804" height="41" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIl21i8iENfh7kyNTbYH1TuXYvdNaDMxDq7EOHzaUT2gZLS9HZeHxSjE0_Q6qS4rh8r3aWL9AMG49QsXB2vSPx_78Z1vJYG7EAYK-2b_3cKcS7F4H6D0uNoGamNLnMj52P4GvM/w400-h41/image.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;">Thomas Walker </b><b style="text-align: left;">operated the 15-ton New Providence-built sloop <i>Industry</i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><b><i><br /></i></b><b>Stillwell later sailed as a crewmember aboard Hornigold’s ship. When King George offered a general pardon to all pirates who surrendered before September 1718, Stillwell accepted. He later became a ship owner, purchasing several vessels that operated out of the islands, including his father-in-law Jonathan Darvill’s old <i>Happy Return</i>. He sailed to Jamaica with Braziletto wood to trade for 100s of gallons of Rum to fuel Nassau's many taverns. </b><p></p><p><b>Thomas Terrill also appears as master and owner of 12-ton condemned Spanish sloop <i>Endeavor</i>, which probably carries an interesting story of its own, seeing as how the Bahamas had been raided a couple of times by the Spanish. </b></p><p><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKmRWWHS8zGk91bEg0UAmlSehqbv3oLDHtkZbw9InpVFfwCF29mann8AmbhiK_NHDkWsLlA7FsQcMqVVhvxzTV3nGbyNGTGk773-_k-I5FxruAH3_1QSs5Pse75rNHnZaCIpa9/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="2815" height="95" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKmRWWHS8zGk91bEg0UAmlSehqbv3oLDHtkZbw9InpVFfwCF29mann8AmbhiK_NHDkWsLlA7FsQcMqVVhvxzTV3nGbyNGTGk773-_k-I5FxruAH3_1QSs5Pse75rNHnZaCIpa9/w400-h95/image.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;">Thomas Terrill as master and owner of 12-ton condemned Spanish sloop <i>Endeavor</i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br /></b><b>Two very interesting ship masters hold great meaning for North Carolina's history. One, for 29 June 1721 was for 50-ton sloop <i>Diamond of London, </i>master Matthew "Higgingbotham." <i>Diamond's </i>owner was Samuel Buck, <a href="http://baylusbrooks.com/index_files/Page4117.htm">one of several merchants who negotiated</a> with the Lords Proprietors of Carolina and the Bahamas for a 7-year lease of the Bahamas, beginning in 1717. James Gohier was another one who appears as shipowner in these records.</b><p></p><p><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNGh2DyCFrf5ZEW5PU9sD8u_QjgXLiJadCzDhdA2-muD0lIC-UUCamfRICKxFpHGos9dgYkUziJFtj1tyFPMNfXz2qIOqxWs-MH_1Mez6dD-YRMBLWLOcLPerMYirHcE6j9J_u/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="2820" height="60" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNGh2DyCFrf5ZEW5PU9sD8u_QjgXLiJadCzDhdA2-muD0lIC-UUCamfRICKxFpHGos9dgYkUziJFtj1tyFPMNfXz2qIOqxWs-MH_1Mez6dD-YRMBLWLOcLPerMYirHcE6j9J_u/w400-h60/image.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;">Matthew "Higgingbotham" of </b><b style="text-align: left;">50-ton sloop <i>Diamond of London</i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><b><br /></b><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgH7U1G-SdoEnQyrnniEcnZN-IBxDLody6-shfVOp97ONomesjzVJtaqo6oavrZ33ihJR2BEHikkfeglRppYbSzm1ZS_hHCCOqgPWVJuEDlu9ZEC3NyrPtxty2zlPkMGW3Om_jkfOyqwwV_4hmhQXQW-sALk5jGH8smUgLFYcdKmK4POHTXZQ=s508" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="294" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgH7U1G-SdoEnQyrnniEcnZN-IBxDLody6-shfVOp97ONomesjzVJtaqo6oavrZ33ihJR2BEHikkfeglRppYbSzm1ZS_hHCCOqgPWVJuEDlu9ZEC3NyrPtxty2zlPkMGW3Om_jkfOyqwwV_4hmhQXQW-sALk5jGH8smUgLFYcdKmK4POHTXZQ=s320" width="185" /></a></b></div><b><br />An interesting note on the cargo in <i>Diamond </i>states "European goods as p[er] cocquete." Now, </b><b><a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coquette">Merriam-Webster's</a> </b><b>Definition of coquette shows:</b><p></p><blockquote><p><b>1: a woman who endeavors without sincere affection to gain the attention and admiration of men</b></p><p><b>2: any of several small, tropical American hummingbirds (genus Lophornis) with the males typically having a colorful or ornate tuft of feathers on the head</b></p></blockquote><p><b></b></p><p><b>The first definition would ironically be appropriate, considering the notorious reputation of Nassau with ladies of the night! Still, I hardly think that the women would be listed as "cargo." The 2nd definition of the exotic birds... well, that, too is doubtful. But, birds can be found there, sure.</b></p><p><b>No, there's another explanation:</b></p><p><b></b></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibnyW6UtdIpiX9LfER8ZBPlNB8G_20rBqljPL62680cX6rCH6Af1VRyNAGbqP5-HFxDbX0UL-OUhXdbwx_TNObHRXMUCf0Dh0bYWj0VAkcykYqf4qIPOdVQ423V2AlpMyCQoEu/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="420" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibnyW6UtdIpiX9LfER8ZBPlNB8G_20rBqljPL62680cX6rCH6Af1VRyNAGbqP5-HFxDbX0UL-OUhXdbwx_TNObHRXMUCf0Dh0bYWj0VAkcykYqf4qIPOdVQ423V2AlpMyCQoEu/" width="292" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">19th cent. "cocquet" or order certificate </td></tr></tbody></table><b><br />These "European goods" probably were men's powdered wigs, or ladies' fancy corsettes and ordered like on Amazon. <i>Diamond </i>simply delivered the order like an 18th century UPS, "p[er] cocquete."</b><p></p><p><b>Another name on these shipping records important to North Carolina is master James Wimble of 5-ton sloop <i>Hardtimes, </i>built in South Carolina and later master of Bermudan-built 5 -ton <i>Bonetta.</i> Wimble had been born in Hastings, Sussex, England and came to the Bahamas when it became free of pirates in 1718. </b></p><p><b>This man was essentially the prime motivator in the development of the town of Wilmington in North Carolina's Lower Cape Fear. Several mariners had been involved in conceiving the town, including this same surveyor and mapmaker Capt. Matthew Higginbotham, who lived for a while in Brunswick Town, across the Cape Fear River from New Town, Newton, New Liverpoole, New Carthage, or as it was finally known in 1740, Wilmington. </b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3tdZRvz3zi-hr07Kwy_GTScvCkOiDIvNkcwGPaqwP7NRAHRbO0raYozo-R5PjnwMgz9TCHwyO-zrK4B1VP90M9zdu1avmoIRBQrzcel6zAcTilVkHrZccLAuE8DfqFk5TbgnwbFB0Ua05h9Kcvxk4goTNh40BB8lthpky6AkwNGlwWY-oHw=s1785" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1785" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3tdZRvz3zi-hr07Kwy_GTScvCkOiDIvNkcwGPaqwP7NRAHRbO0raYozo-R5PjnwMgz9TCHwyO-zrK4B1VP90M9zdu1avmoIRBQrzcel6zAcTilVkHrZccLAuE8DfqFk5TbgnwbFB0Ua05h9Kcvxk4goTNh40BB8lthpky6AkwNGlwWY-oHw=w400-h239" width="400" /></a><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1733 James Wimble Map of Wilmington area<br /><br /><br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgh6NXaxh16vretpK5uDJ2I0bUlx4Ptf1iECngyHh2dVY_sDdg5_aQjTjMdyZiM_R4xTz0wb_pIaA2osZl5VI_viljGpbIE21OMOnfWScykUzZ63pNXmtBb1Gku1pqElW1c1KZP0572UaG0szLewz7ywcHj5GItyum2Fw6dmudwNsvTa-3nLA=s2000" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="2000" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgh6NXaxh16vretpK5uDJ2I0bUlx4Ptf1iECngyHh2dVY_sDdg5_aQjTjMdyZiM_R4xTz0wb_pIaA2osZl5VI_viljGpbIE21OMOnfWScykUzZ63pNXmtBb1Gku1pqElW1c1KZP0572UaG0szLewz7ywcHj5GItyum2Fw6dmudwNsvTa-3nLA=w400-h248" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1738 James Wimble Map of North Carolina</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p><br /></p><p><b> </b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><br /></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-56322630852062942952021-07-09T14:32:00.006-07:002021-07-11T11:55:53.531-07:00An Unwelcome Visit from Pirates!<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-0R-CbHx_zzZ_Mxro8aXnocfSmKqHZtUKm3CxungO1RMS_5tVJHARmewC4IQFBwL-UT6HYbVd1VpsHj2RyoKj_YU9fZKm4UaOfemVXAOPJe6JcSPnMHAKlf-wnz3syHpZiV5q/s617/Bucquoy+drawing+of+pirate+attack+on+Fort+at+Delagoa.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="617" data-original-width="462" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-0R-CbHx_zzZ_Mxro8aXnocfSmKqHZtUKm3CxungO1RMS_5tVJHARmewC4IQFBwL-UT6HYbVd1VpsHj2RyoKj_YU9fZKm4UaOfemVXAOPJe6JcSPnMHAKlf-wnz3syHpZiV5q/w300-h400/Bucquoy+drawing+of+pirate+attack+on+Fort+at+Delagoa.PNG" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Defense </i>and <i>Cassandra </i>with tender attack <span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua", "serif";">Fort </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua", "serif";">Lijdzaamheid on Rio Delagoa (Southeast Africa) circa 30 April 1722</span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">Occupation of Fort Lijdzaamheid (Fort Agility) & Debauchery of the Pirates: 22 April - 30 June, 1722:</span><br /><br />Narrative of Jacob de Bucquoy in his "Zestien Jaarige Reize Naar de Indien," published in 1757, 27-36, concerning the attack and two-month stay of pirates Richard Taylor in 72-gun <i>Defense </i>(formerly Portuguese Viceroy of Goa's vessel, <i>Nossa Senhora do Cabo</i>) and Olivier LeVasseur (La Buse) in 44-gun <i>Cassandra </i>(former East India Company vessel of Capt. James Macrae) and their crews at the newly-built Dutch fort on Rio De La Goa or modern Maputo Bay on southeast shore of Africa.<br /></p><p>Narrative broken up for easier reading... <br /></p><p>------------------<br /></p><p>We lived in the Fort, apart from sickness among our new recruits, and death, in a moderate rest, and feared no foreign enemies: but then often the danger is near, as will appear in the following. <br /><br />It was on the 11th April [22 April by Gregorian calendar], (a year after we arrived here) that the natives informed us that there were three ships in the Bay, but they had not raised the flags: at once an order was given to ship to the corner [bend] of the River constantly setting out posts to learn what kind of Ships they might be: </p><p>Every day the Natives came to our Fort, with pieces of Indian Lynwaet [lijnwaet; "linen"] for the body, which they said they had bartered from other Ships; What they had left they used for flags and pennants on their canoes and tubes. </p><p>It lasted until the 19th of April [G: 30 April] when the said ships, bearing an English King's flag and pennant, approached the mouth of the River; we could not imagine what this might mean. English King's ships to be seen here in an unknown region, where there was no War, seemed strange, and on Sea Rovers no suspicion [English pirates were usually welcome]; but the outcome soon showed us; what people they behold. </p><p>We prepared our pieces [canon], and enabled us to resist, if they should be against us: to this end we took a crowd of Blacks in the Fort, and led the <i>Hoeker</i> there, to defend us like a Watercastle, meanwhile the approaching ships; as two large ones, one of 72 [<i>Defense</i>], and the other of 44 cannon [<i>Cassandra</i>], plus a Brigantin up to the Lodge [entry building before Fort?]; they were crammed with people, who blew on the Kampanje [trumpets] lustily; then the largest ship dropped anchor and fired a shot in front of the <i>Hoeker </i>and our Fort, and then gave the whole broadside, likewise the other. We did not owe it to the shore, and gave them in the same language [returned fire], but in such a way that with the first volley the largest Pieces shook in the sand, for we had no fixed batteries yet, but loose planks deposited on the sand. We recovered as much as we could, when we saw with amazement that the <i>Hoeker </i>had already lowered the flag, and prepared as a prize. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOVF317XAlW_yqrplYVwGVGvITdHdINpuu8h_i3abRuFLK5qEAPtS074ErgLrs0Pk-dlhzz4hu8UAShrGcSsvocZrKwq9iwCgIpKCaVCAZN-UhxeBa77NBPmr1P3eq805ROcaP/s720/dutch+fort+layout.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="684" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOVF317XAlW_yqrplYVwGVGvITdHdINpuu8h_i3abRuFLK5qEAPtS074ErgLrs0Pk-dlhzz4hu8UAShrGcSsvocZrKwq9iwCgIpKCaVCAZN-UhxeBa77NBPmr1P3eq805ROcaP/s320/dutch+fort+layout.PNG" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBGJ4EDhmILHLEcuIkPXiL_F9z8156eXIC37MmjbzJH7gf_fwBRyUZm4L3EoBi7599fMvTrUpkOS8f1L7yFyCDhWAvttDUFdKqCDRBVRZzvBTp8zupoaWzKDACe9pIEWDWOE23/s1652/dutch+fort+delagoa.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1652" data-original-width="1066" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBGJ4EDhmILHLEcuIkPXiL_F9z8156eXIC37MmjbzJH7gf_fwBRyUZm4L3EoBi7599fMvTrUpkOS8f1L7yFyCDhWAvttDUFdKqCDRBVRZzvBTp8zupoaWzKDACe9pIEWDWOE23/w258-h400/dutch+fort+delagoa.png" width="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Jacob de Bucquoy</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">, Plattegrond van Fort
Lijdzaamheid</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on Rio de Lagoa, 1721.</span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /><br />They were still firing steadily with their 12-pounders, loaded with bullets and scrap; all the Blacks rushed over the patisfaden [palisade?], and fled into the woods. We saw that 78 men who were still alive at the Fort, and many of them sick, could not stand this crowd: but it seemed reasonable with the Commande while I was busy getting the Pieces ready to fire. </p><p>As I acted for Opperkonstapel [Chief], I was told that someone had lowered the flag in the hole; This dropping of the flag communicated to the ships that we had surrendered: at once boats full of people came to the shore. Our Chief, Monsr. [Jean] Michel exclaimed "par Dieu wat dat ly wat dat! What that, I said, they have cut the flag in the hole, and we are taken." </p><p>Under this message of Monsieur the people came ashore, four of whom emerged from the heap with pistol in one hand and saber in the other as far as the Lodge [entrance battery?]; Each of them looked with astonishment that so few men had such boldness; while one asked in a gruff voice, Where is the Chief? who answered here, asking them at the same time what kind of people they were? They answer that they were Kings of the Sea and of the World. </p><p>Each was silent and looked at the other, and did not know what the further consequence would be, which we learned shortly. He immediately commanded the people to lay down their rifles, and at once ordered the Chief [acting-Chief Jean Michel] to sail aboard the great ship [<i>Defense</i>]: against which he long protested, [to no avail.] I [Bucquoy] accompanied him, and meanwhile they made sure of their accommodation. </p><p>Round about, and seeing it necessary, they set up sentries, and divided the defenders (whom they immediately disarmed) here and there: while more and more people came ashore for their reinforcements. We left the second, one Jan van de Capelle, ashore, and sailed with the barge from the shore to board the great ship, where the Sea-robbers' flags were waving from the top of the stern and aft. </p><p>When we were on the side of the ship, the Captain [Richard Taylor] stood with a saber in hand, aboard, waiting for us. Monsr. Michel, seeing a Negro approaching from his sight, Did not want him to climb over first; I said that to him [the Chief] that honor belonged, that otherwise I wished to be the first, as he then bid me: so I climbed by a rope, so that there was no stairway, and came over. Monsr. Michel was joined by 6 to 7 men; </p><p>On his behalf we were ordered to follow the Captain who entered a room, and we with him: there we found the whole Assembly in order, with a box of punch in the middle, accompanied by an agreement of Muzyk, according to the English style, immediately wares we sat, or the punch box went round, and then, after the occasion of the country, and our condition, we were asked very accurately, by articles; whereupon Mr. Michel replied. Furthermore, they asked about Victuals [food provisions] for their ships, Water, etc. were available here. </p><p>After we seemed to have satisfied them with a few things, they declared that upon their last visit that they had found a Dutch Comptoir [trading post] here [surprised at the presence of a fort]. They needed a place in these Indian regions, but if they had known this, they would have called upon another; but the matter now being so, it was their custom to lay down the anchors with little effort; Money, Tobacco, and Liquor, were Contrabands, and they were in need of them. </p><p></p><p>Then our Victuals and Ammunition came, miraculously, and what more they thought could be of service. For the rest we must console ourselves with fate, and be at peace. </p><p>Here people played merrily and drank about clearly. After an hour or two, my curiosity caught my eye to go downstairs to go between decks; and there to consider their lives; it seemed like a complete Robber's Fair; all the guests sat about their bowls, and drank profusely. Here I found all sorts of nations among each other, even black Negroes. </p><p>Jeder spoke to me, Brother! </p><p>Before and after: so the night ended with us: but it had not gone like this normally; for when they are drunk they live boldly with their captives; the Konstaple [leader; in this case, Richard Taylor] had a heart in the Arm [love of arms?], and the others had dutifully queried [parried] with the Sabers: a steady alarm, frightening the peasantry, and in fear for their lives, that the Second [Chief?], with twenty-one men more, would take flight in secret; chests and treasuries were opened with crowbars, and the well demolished;</p><p>In the morning the People [pirates] were divided on the shore and on the ships; and I was utilized to trade Vee [cattle] and Victuals for them. I was quite pleased with this; for whole bales of Lynwaat [lijnwaet; "linen"] were but cut up, and exchanged in pieces, for trifles, of Hoenders [Afrikaans: "chicken"], Fruits, etc.; the barrels of Corals and trifles, like Nuremburg Kramery [haberdashery; British: <span><span>small items used in sewing, such as buttons, zippers, and thread (see thimble below)</span></span>], which we had for Negotie [negotiating] at the Comptoir [trading post], everything was now in common. This was riotous and rude. I'm glad to have read the Hellish Fair, but it was one hell of a job. Offending women, drinking publicly drunk, and then inflicting violence on the native, was the same work; </p><p>Briefly they [pirates] were at war with them [natives]; day and night they shot sharply across the plains: the natives grew so bitter, that is to observe the Ships and Vessels and then throw in with their Assegayen [<span><span>a slender, iron-tipped, hardwood spear used chiefly by southern African peoples</span></span>], wherewith several [pirates] have already been killed. </p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj96-KFH0sblgM655WKPwsj6j9qMm5gapVbSJ7i4DIO0FL6GZLxoocM2wXBszuD41xic4lvQNNBh8gKUSphS-mQ8L5lRC28-szNKjgEgGSdIE6XUL8XMbxhh3sa2FuRbbOOTRF/s449/thimble+nuremberg.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="326" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj96-KFH0sblgM655WKPwsj6j9qMm5gapVbSJ7i4DIO0FL6GZLxoocM2wXBszuD41xic4lvQNNBh8gKUSphS-mQ8L5lRC28-szNKjgEgGSdIE6XUL8XMbxhh3sa2FuRbbOOTRF/s320/thimble+nuremberg.PNG" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Thimble | German, probably Nuremberg - Metropolitan Museum of Art</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /><br />A curious case occurred on the birthday of King George the Second [must be the First, <span class="Eq0J8 LrzXr kno-fv">b. May 28; Second was b. 11 November and was not yet king (1727)</span>], weekday, when they usually spend boozing and like a Sea-robbers Joyful feast. <br /><br />Captain Tailor and Captain Labous, beside some officers, sat separately with a Punch bowl, drinking together. Tailor, looking before the Fort about Botree, a Native, standing somewhat to the side of the others, standing near the wood, and looking elsewhere, little thinking that death was so near to him, his Snape [Snaphaan; snaphaunce, or flintlock pistol], which sat beside him, and said to his company: Would you see that Karel [derogatory reference to a native] make a cabriolet [type of one-horse carriage]? they, according to their degenerate natures, said yes: Indeed he aims and shoots him, that he fell to the ground and gave up the ghost after a little thrashing; Having done this, he set the Snaphaan [Flintlock pistol or Snaphaunce] aside again, continued his conversation with the same composure as if nothing had happened, and I never heard him speak of it again.<br /><br />I am ashamed to inform the reader of the liberality which I saw that day, as much about malking [associating with<span class="ILfuVd"><span class="hgKElc"> an untidy woman</span></span>] as the violent treatment of women in public practice, so as not to introduce vexatious ideas of it into anyone's imagination or memory.<br /><br />This lasted until the 26th June, when they had their ships ready and clean: As for my interest, I changed my clothes daily; the one took everything from me, and the other gave me a skirt again, or vest: in short I had changed fashion all day long; long, short, wide, and narrow, all was my pass; that which I gained in exchange, I again venerated to those who had not, 'Never have I looked better at the world and life, and learned to know its intemperance and futility; now I had it by experience. <br /><br />Finally being supplied with Victuals, and being there their time of departing again, they shot a lap, and waved the Black Flag to Pitsjaaren [signal].* By this it was well thought to take the <i>Hoeker</i> as foresailer: but so their great ship [<i>Defense</i>] went 22 feet deep [draught], and in the bay was but 18 feet of water by common cyn [average, measurement?], and knowing that I had drawn the map of the bay [see map above], they beseeched me that I might cast them out in the open sea; that in return they would give 5 bales of Lynwaet [lijnwaet; "linen"] to the people, to sustain life; and the <i>Hoeker</i>, <span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="nl" data-phrase-index="0"><span>after they had removed the masts in advance, before leaving in the Comptoir [trading post] to us for storage.</span></span></span> </p><p>Though I had little inclination to go with them, as they cannot take much on their word, but we were in need. I suggested this to the Chief [Michel], who advised me to do it: but being like a Frenchman, not trusting much with him, I told him that if he were so to me as Chief, and for that I recognized him, to command my self, I was then ready to obey his commands; which he then did in the presence of the rural folk, and the master of <i>Hoeker</i>, a Frans van Haften; thereupon I beg of them 2 or 3 helmsmen to go with my self, to lay the weights and bearings of the deep with barrels, and to mark as marks of course, for their and my assurance; which they approved. We were here for eight days. On the 30th June (J: 11 July) we lifted our anchors, and after the cannon's praise, we bid farewell to Rio de la Goa.<br /><br />* Pitsjaaren - To make a sign on ship board for giving notice to the other Commanders that a Council of war is to be kept, or something like to be done. [A Compleat Dictionary, English and Dutch, to which is Added a Grammar, for Both Languages, Volume 2 (Amsterdam: K. de Veer, 1766), 639]<br /></p><p></p><br />Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-64382920536520275552021-04-27T13:50:00.023-07:002021-05-05T07:08:28.231-07:00"Capt. Charles Johnson" was indeed Nathaniel Mist<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYGaoM5IVXR10HTtV4LGA4B0kpDupvQnF3vgvyGqShwIFLgRmhhA1WgputRI-uyK4vyldRM8xrVzLmLEpsH98LtYOuxxqpDxG84qn7umMUJdO6szDIkNerTX0dKI1aoCmdJCyN/s1652/Stationers+Company+p317.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1652" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYGaoM5IVXR10HTtV4LGA4B0kpDupvQnF3vgvyGqShwIFLgRmhhA1WgputRI-uyK4vyldRM8xrVzLmLEpsH98LtYOuxxqpDxG84qn7umMUJdO6szDIkNerTX0dKI1aoCmdJCyN/w400-h290/Stationers+Company+p317.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true">Stationers' Company Archive, London, Entries of Copies, 28 April 1710 to 25 September 1746, p. 317.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><div data-contents="true"><div data-block="true" data-editor="b795" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-text="true">About</span></span></span><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"> the author of <i>A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates</i> (1724):</span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"> </span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true">From <i><a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/baylus-c-brooks/quest-for-blackbeard-the-true-story-of-edward-thache-and-his-world/ebook/product-186ympjz.html?page=1&pageSize=4">Quest for Blackbeard</a></i> - "The most important detail, perhaps, appears that [Nathaniel] Mist’s foreman John Wolfe registered <i>A General History</i> in 'His Majesty’s Stationers’ Company' on June 24, 1724 'for Nathaniel Mist.'* Almost certainly, Mist authored <i>A General History</i> [he certainly owned the copyright] and he profited substantially from the publication. Indeed, <i>A General History</i> seemed to have been his financial lifeboat – at least for a few years [after his imprisonment and fines]. <br /></span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"><blockquote>* Arne Bialuschewski, “Daniel Defoe, Nathaniel Mist, and A General History of the Pyrates,” <i>Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America</i> (PBSA), 98 (March 2004), pp. 25n14, 26 (from: Stationers' Company Archive, London, Entries of Copies, 28 April 1710 to 25 September 1746, 317 (see above picture); Mist owned 100% of the book, too). <span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"> <br /></span></span></blockquote></span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true">We should note here that Nathaniel Mist was a Jacobite-loving anti-government publisher (think: Fox News) who had been recently jailed and fined for his now-first-amendment-supported propaganda. Not that the propaganda was anything but harmful to Great Britain's reigning monarch. Only two years after publishing <i>A General History, </i>Mist fled England for France to avoid further trouble with the government. Arne Bialuschewski adds further:</span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"></span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><blockquote>In
September 1728 an anonymous pamphlet entitled <i>Mist’s Closet Broke Open</i>
appeared, which contained a number of epigrams that were published to
ridicule Mist after he had taken flight. Its contents are of minor
importance, except for the fact that there are two references to Captain
Charles Johnson. The first comprises “Sea-news from Capt. Johnson to
Mist,” the second is a fictional letter from Mist to Johnson.By
that time, it seems, the connection between the fictitious captain and
the Jacobite was an open secret in the publishing business.</blockquote></div><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"></span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true">Professor of Literature <a href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/18cy/article/download/25330/31209">Dr. Manushag Powell</a> of Purdue University assures us that this book was written as historical fiction or a "counterfactual" as she puts it.. Furthermore, Daniel DeFoe - sometime author of occasional articles appearing in Mist's newspaper, <i>Weekly Journal or Saturday Evening Post</i> - reputedly "authored" a cheap knock-off of <i>A General History</i> the year after Mist published it. DeFoe, however, never copyrighted this... which makes you wonder how he got later credit for it. Politics may have helped, as he was a spy for Lord Sunderland - keeping an eye on Mist and his anti-government writing! Jacobites often paid dearly for </span></span><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true">their </span></span> treasonous efforts and Mist, of course, fled to France in 1726! <br /></span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"> </span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"><i>A General History</i> is filled with corrigendums, or "</span></span><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true">things to be corrected, typically an error in a printed book," if we presume it to be an <i>actual </i>history. It is best viewed as historical fiction. How can we possibly treat Nathaniel Mist or any of his acquaintances as an historian or his uncited suspect secondary novel as an actual "history" in the face of this overwhelming evidence? There are a plethora of <a href="http://baylusbrooks.com/index_files/Page7226.htm">primary documents</a> available from which to gain more trustworthy pirate history - many of them used and then, elaborated upon - even stretched into outright lies - by Mist! I often joke that my historical fiction, <i>Fountain of Hope, </i>could be looked at as "A General History of Florida" one day, based on this same criteria... some may even propose that time travel is real, based on that erroneous assumption! I assure you that - so far - it has not been proven and I <i>never</i> intended <i>Fountain of Hope </i>to be actual history, even though I loaded it to the brim with historical fact - a novelist's tactic to gain more realism. The polemical Mist, on the other hand, did indeed expect his readers to consider<i> A General History </i>to be just that! After all, he called his novel a "history," didn't he?<br /></span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"> </span></span></div><div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="dvrm5-0-0"><a href=" https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/18cy/article/download/25330/31209"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-1-0"><span data-text="true"> </span></span><span class="py34i1dx"><span data-offset-key="dvrm5-2-0"><span data-text="true">https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/18cy/article/download/25330/31209</span></span></span></a></div></div></div>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-75218483009496377182021-04-05T13:46:00.006-07:002021-04-08T10:16:36.720-07:00Who was Pirate Jasper Seager and Did he Use an Alias? <p>These details reference those pirates involved in the taking of <i>Cassandra, </i>an East India Company vessel under the command of James Macrae in the summer of 1720, in the bay of Anjouan or Johanna, just off the north-western tip of Madagascar. <br /></p><p>First of all... Jasper Seager was NOT the same pirate as Edward England! </p><p>Why would anyone think that, anyway? "Jasper" is no nickname for "Edward" that I've ever heard! "Seager" doesn't sound anything like "England." Presumably, some writers assume that pirates used aliases and this explains the comparison.<br /></p><p>I read this all the time in various references - presumably because people today anachronistically believe that pirates used aliases on a regular basis. They really did not. There are a couple of rare examples, but it was by no means a common practice. Moreover, the common reference of "alias" in records of this time period simply meant "also known as" - perhaps a nickname commonly used - and was not a term necessarily to indicate an attempt by them to hide their true identity by taking on a completely different name. That's more of a 20th and 21st-century assumption about criminality and the modern concept of "alias."<br /></p><p>Yes, pirates committed crimes, but the 18th century was far from a crime-free time period - much more crime-ridden than society today. The British government of older times often endorsed criminality themselves and often openly outside of Great Britain and especially in America - the land "beyond the lines of amity!" So, let's put this England-Seager false comparative assumption to rest once and for all!</p><p>Primary-source records - indeed, eyewitness accounts - can assure us that Jasper Seager and Edward England are not the same man: <br /></p><p>John Barnes, the 1st mate of <i>Greenwich, </i>captain Richard Kirby, while in Johanna Bay, wrote in his journal entry for August 7, 1720 that <i>Greenwich, Cassandra, </i>and an Ostend vessel (220-ton <i>Stahremberg</i>, Capt. Richard Gargan) came under attack by two pirates: 46-gun French-built <i>Victory</i>, commanded by "Capt. England" and 36-gun Dutch-built <i>Fancy</i>, captained by "Capt. Seager." Barnes clearly understood that there were two different pirate captains named England and Seager.<br /></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5i00C1h3c6TWiXU4L6JzH6AxGPruOQpgTtvymPr4_61KfOsnvxEcr6UP_nDA_eccp34CmmqruAUFoTYt6DWzcqT44CTr_kAY3nW64_TNC1rSfB53seTYMdulXhH9vI2EvRHTj/s889/barnes+journal+seager+-+england.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="388" data-original-width="889" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5i00C1h3c6TWiXU4L6JzH6AxGPruOQpgTtvymPr4_61KfOsnvxEcr6UP_nDA_eccp34CmmqruAUFoTYt6DWzcqT44CTr_kAY3nW64_TNC1rSfB53seTYMdulXhH9vI2EvRHTj/w400-h175/barnes+journal+seager+-+england.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Barnes' journal entry for August 7, 1720<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>Again, note that John Barnes' journal was an eye-witness account - and, therefore, a primary record! Most of the secondary sources - especially non-cited references, lacking in source notes - are definitely NOT primary sources! In my opinion, many 18th-century newspaper articles are highly suspect secondary sources - often derived from hearsay, printed quickly, and with little or no vetting. Many of those not trained in proper historical research techniques can misunderstand these subtle, but important, distinctions. Thus, a lot of popular pirate literature are bursting with errors and false assumptions.<br /></p><p>I cannot say this enough, but Charles Johnson's counterfactual hit-piece <i>A General History of the Pyrates </i>is clearly secondary - quite faulty - and NOT a primary source! Yes, it was all that was handily available for nearly 300 years, but that fact does not magically give it precedence over valid primary sources readily available now! It also did not stop thousands of writers elaborating greatly upon the untold facts - again, over 300 years!</p><p>There are quite enough primaries available today that make using faulty references like Johnson's quite ill-advised (~175 transcribed primary records are available for all to use on the "Pirate Reference" tab of my website at <a href="http://baylusbrooks.com">http://baylusbrooks.com</a>). Nothing in print can be trusted without detailed valid citations to indicate precisely where the author got his information. Otherwise, it might as well be rumors, religion, hearsay but certainly not history! </p><p>Okay... climbing down from the soapbox.... <br /></p><p>From <a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/baylus-c-brooks/sailing-east-west-indian-pirates-in-madagascar/ebook/product-1dz9ny2w.html?page=1&pageSize=4"><i>Sailing East: West-Indian Pirates in Madagascar</i></a>:</p><p>Jasper Seager is an historical enigma. His name does not appear in documents related to this particular group of pirates before sailing to Madagascar in 1720. He appears not to have come from the African Coast with the others. Still, he assumes command of <i>Fancy</i>, and possibly as commodore over both of the two ships that take <i>Cassandra</i>. If his name had not appeared in Chief Mate John Barnes’ journal from <i>Greenwich</i> as the captain of <i>Fancy</i> on the dated entry for 7 August 1720, before hostilities began on the 8th, he would not have been considered as all that important. His credit from historians is undeservedly and comparatively slight after taking <i>Cassandra</i>. He is not as perceptible in most narratives after the pirates take the Viceroy’s ship (see Chapter Five) at La Bourbon, despite the Viceroy’s own account – Richard Lasinby’s account, of course, came from aboard <i>Victory</i> and not <i>Cassandra</i>, then under Seager’s command. </p><p><br />Owing purely to speculation, Seager may be regarded as an older man of great experience, perhaps already a pirate inhabitant of Madagascar when the others arrived. It is known that one Thomas Seager was in Henry Every’s crew, had not returned with others, and had possibly settled on Madagascar in the mid-1690s. Perhaps another Seager served in Every’s crew or in Kidd’s? To his credit, Charles Johnson predicted that Edward England’s crew searched for Every’s old crew when they arrived at Île Saint-Marie. Evolving from this reasonable speculation, it may also be that later pirate crews [in the East Indies] consisted of mixes between elder pirate residents of Madagascar and the recent arrivals to the island. Charles Grey also alludes to this in <i>Pirates of the Eastern Seas</i>. As an older pirate residing on Madagascar who once possibly served with Henry Every, Jasper Seager could have been viewed by these younger pirates as legendary as Every himself. It should be noted that an early article by Grey, published in Bombay, India on the “Taking of <i>Cassandra</i>” gave Jasper Seager the primary credit for her capture, not Edward England. Indeed, from Barnes’ journal, it was Seager in <i>Fancy</i> who engaged Macrae for so long and so diligently while England in <i>Victory</i> chased Kirby’s <i>Greenwich</i>.</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1B9kRDY1litbIt-v8qDMRm84L2oWBT8GrFE32vj89AA6SX2aWDzPyLHN5IgKPIxBKX8oM_n9ST2KN239xlg4fR-WYk-pvRWVE3orwkY_Pi_FD8hOtMHXggG_tHv-3s5jwJ1xJ/s746/8+Aug+entry+Barnes+Greenwich.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="655" data-original-width="746" height="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1B9kRDY1litbIt-v8qDMRm84L2oWBT8GrFE32vj89AA6SX2aWDzPyLHN5IgKPIxBKX8oM_n9ST2KN239xlg4fR-WYk-pvRWVE3orwkY_Pi_FD8hOtMHXggG_tHv-3s5jwJ1xJ/w400-h351/8+Aug+entry+Barnes+Greenwich.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Barnes Journal - entry for August 8, 1720<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p>The entry in my <i><a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/baylus-c-brooks/dictionary-of-pyrate-biography/paperback/product-1rzjgkrw.html?page=1&pageSize=4">Dictionary of Pyrate Biography</a></i> for Jasper Seager is as follows:</p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Seager, Jaspar </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">– possibly found at Madagascar by Edward
England <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al </i>when they arrived in
1720; may be related to Henry Avery’s crewman, Thomas Seager; commanded <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Victory </i>at </span>Island of Johanna in
the East Indies [Anjouan Island in the Comoros, NW of Madagascar], Edward
England in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fancy</i> with Richard Taylor aboard
took East Indian vessel (8 Aug 1720; 17 Aug 1720 in misprinted <i>Post Boy</i> article) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cassandra,
</i>Capt. James Macrae [Mackra in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Post
Boy</i>], 380 tons, 26 guns, 76 men (left Portsmouth, England 21 Mar 1720) – England
is deposed by his crew and left at Madagascar – England then retires on Ile Saint Marie;
Possibly an older man, Jasper Seager was made captain of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cassandra</i>; met with Bombay Fleet, late 1720; proceeded to Dutch
fort of “Cochins” [southwest coast of India, burial place of Vasco de Gama],
Christmas 1720; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">see </i>greater detail in
Olivier LeVasseur and Richard Taylor; word that seven Indian ships sought them
and hid at uninhabited island called “Morashes” [Mauritius] – cleaned and
caulked badly leaking <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Victory</i>; Seager
in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cassandra, </i>Taylor as quartermaster
and LeVasseur made captain of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Victory, </i>Feb
1720; LeVasseur and Seager went to “Don Maskareene” [island group just east of
Madagascar - Mascarene Islands: Mauritius, Réunion, and Rodrigues] – made for
Bay of Bourbon or St. Denis, Réunion and arrived c. Easter Sunday [13 Apr;
Moor says 8 Apr], 1721; Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, Viceroy of the East Indies, sailing on a
Portuguese vessel, </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nossa Senhora
do Cabo</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Guelderland - Vierge de Cap<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i>]
from Goa to France, after weathering a storm that blew down all masts and left
them with 21 canons, captured by LeVasseur in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Victory </i>and Seager in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cassandra
</i>[Ericiera calls her <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fantasie, </i>variant of "Enchantress," a synonym for the meaning of "Cassandre"] in
Bay of Saint-Denis, Isle de Bourbon (a booty </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">equivalent to ten million Euros today, in
diamonds, gold, silver coin, bar or ingot)</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, 11/16 April 1721; to leeward [west] of island, captured Dutch ship <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">City of Ostend </i>(former <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greyhound</i>), 21/26 Apr 1721; arguments over
the </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nossa Senhora do Cabo</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ensued - returned to Madagascar with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">City of Ostend </i>to clean and sell slaves
- desired to split company; </span>Seager died at Madagascar while avoiding
British fleet under Comm. Matthews - Olivier LeVasseur took his place as
captain of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cassandra.</i><a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Research conducted by Baneto and Verazzone at Les
Archives Nationales Portugaises de la Torre do Tombo. LISBOA – Portugal,
http://ybphoto.free.fr/diamants_goa_ch2.html; This royal frigate was named
after the DNS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Zeelandia</i>, DNS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gelderland</i> and DNS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Galderland</i>. It was a second-class warship and was bought and
renamed the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nossa Senhora do Cabo </i>(“Our
Lady of the Cape” called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vierge de Cap </i>or
“Celebrate the Cape” in Dutch by Comte d’Ericiera) by Portugal in 1717.</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9pt;">“Captain Mackra’s ship taken by Edward England, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Post Boy, </i>25 & 27 Apr 1721, “Richard
Lazenby, a prisoner of Taylor,” “The Examination of Richard Moor, 31 October
1724 (addenda 5 November 1724), HCA 1/55, ff. 94-97,” “The Examination of John
Matthews, 12 October 1722, HCA 1/55, ff. 201-21” in E. T. Fox, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pirates in Their Own Words </i>(Fox
Historical, 2014), 271-276, 276-285, 207-213, 192-195; “Jaques du Bucquoy” in
Alfred Grandidier, <i>Collection des Ouvrages Anciens concernant Madagascar, </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Vol. 5(</span>Paris: Comité de Madagascar,
1888), 61-72; L. Robert, “Description, in general and in detail, of the island
of Madagascar, made on the best memoirs of the old officers who lived in this
island [at] the Port Dauphin; all checked exactly on the spot by the sieur
ROBERT; Part 1. The discovery of the island. - 2nd part. The detail of each
kingdom or provinces. - 3rd part. The Dauphin Port. - 4th part. The rancidity
of the pirates; the great advantages that there would be in forming colonies
there." (1730), No. 196, Manuscript 3755, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque du Service Historique de la Défense,
Bibliothèques de la Marine</i> (Vincennes, Val-de-Marne, France), 4<sup>th</sup>
part, ff. 109-117; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">La Gazette de Paris</i>,
Bureau d'adresse (Paris), 23 May 1722;“Relation of Count Ericiera” in G. Cavelier,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Le Mercure</i>, May 1722, 54-68; both
translated by Baylus C. Brooks.</span></p>
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<![endif]--></p><p><br /></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-72301157811902810872021-04-03T16:46:00.003-07:002021-04-04T12:21:34.190-07:00Ancestry of Pirate Henry Jennings<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid7yux4oIJLac7XK8YONcl6OGltKLaexZg-3JN_2ktw3oSXcS9Fq9gFJvb8EfRMza2pDrWkNIV8QfR4o-IeDet4CytZNlYBhDkPGAOe6mgAimRZQ3b5akLGWdwWS7nonsvk4dJ/s1170/Jennings+2nd+run+Spring+1716.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="951" data-original-width="1170" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid7yux4oIJLac7XK8YONcl6OGltKLaexZg-3JN_2ktw3oSXcS9Fq9gFJvb8EfRMza2pDrWkNIV8QfR4o-IeDet4CytZNlYBhDkPGAOe6mgAimRZQ3b5akLGWdwWS7nonsvk4dJ/w400-h325/Jennings+2nd+run+Spring+1716.png" width="400" /></a></div><br />Would it surprise you to know that pirate Henry Jennings is part of a wealthy family of Bermuda and grandnephew of Perient Trott whose other grandchild, Vice-admiralty Judge Nicholas Trott of South Carolina, tried and hanged Stede Bonnet and other pirates for piracy?<p></p><p>The Jennings are also founding fathers of the modern United States, with connections to the grandfather of President George Washington! </p><p>Presenting the surprising genealogy of Henry Jennings:</p><p>The original immigrant to Bermuda was Richard Jennings, his will - as listed in <i>Early Wills of Bermuda:</i> 1629 - 1835 by Clara F. E. Hollis Hallett shows:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRmGV_oLb-xnLtFdD3s5sQRPBgy2RMbolXbSwqdIjhM3MgoJbsd8UoZIDswSFHDGEuBniu702YUXgU4WB_0-VleG_em3exp0v-p3G5MAyIYSfp47Ef2r3oB5gpg_jLIBcErTiv/s631/Will+of+Richard+Jennings+Early+wills.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="119" data-original-width="631" height="75" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRmGV_oLb-xnLtFdD3s5sQRPBgy2RMbolXbSwqdIjhM3MgoJbsd8UoZIDswSFHDGEuBniu702YUXgU4WB_0-VleG_em3exp0v-p3G5MAyIYSfp47Ef2r3oB5gpg_jLIBcErTiv/w400-h75/Will+of+Richard+Jennings+Early+wills.PNG" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p>Capt. Richard Jennings' purchased - mostly from Capt. William Sayles - the maximum amount of land possible
for residents on the tiny island of Bermuda: 250 acres.</p><p>Richard Jennings may have plotted to take over the government of Bermuda, yet in three years had become a member of the Bermudan Council. He also sold land there to a “Mr. Carter” in England that, in 1656, belonged to Capt. Lawrence Washington, “High Sheriff of Virginia” and great-grandfather of later U.S. president George Washington. The survey of 1663 includes part of his 250 acres of land (the most allowed in tiny Bermuda) in ten properties:<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjetdUaXubZ-Q_mVe3FoR0qMnzkOhdC_HQFRZRU7rWb1k5Qqy_HsBtaDBzaBQEMu0o5cisvrbALBBy3VyOW8bzgSdfkeZwzZuxDEfPu7ZHoQ4RrW1ZXp2YD6mpnRwnaHMhO_dqg/s677/jennings+bermuda+proprietors+1663.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="131" data-original-width="677" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjetdUaXubZ-Q_mVe3FoR0qMnzkOhdC_HQFRZRU7rWb1k5Qqy_HsBtaDBzaBQEMu0o5cisvrbALBBy3VyOW8bzgSdfkeZwzZuxDEfPu7ZHoQ4RrW1ZXp2YD6mpnRwnaHMhO_dqg/w400-h78/jennings+bermuda+proprietors+1663.PNG" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p>Capt. Jennings' two sons, Richard II and John inherited that property about 1669: Richard II in Smith's Tribe and John in Southampton Tribe.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1gAbD07roxrW0puL3qc_sN7yCUvA-OI8SxJug8PcLhT8Na1-pOQFcMkuurXDN_dkRQ4oP2O_8JAiGU-ky7UljPacuxWb9fuKjapYsMweMydB77snjiYWYYMS78pc2y4f5ooMX/s800/tribes+of+bermuda+annot.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="623" data-original-width="800" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1gAbD07roxrW0puL3qc_sN7yCUvA-OI8SxJug8PcLhT8Na1-pOQFcMkuurXDN_dkRQ4oP2O_8JAiGU-ky7UljPacuxWb9fuKjapYsMweMydB77snjiYWYYMS78pc2y4f5ooMX/w400-h311/tribes+of+bermuda+annot.jpg" width="400" /></a><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bermuda by J. Blaeu. 1647-49</span></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1gAbD07roxrW0puL3qc_sN7yCUvA-OI8SxJug8PcLhT8Na1-pOQFcMkuurXDN_dkRQ4oP2O_8JAiGU-ky7UljPacuxWb9fuKjapYsMweMydB77snjiYWYYMS78pc2y4f5ooMX/s800/tribes+of+bermuda+annot.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>The pirate Henry Jennings descends from John Jennings and Sarah Richards in Southampton Tribe. As the Early Wills of Bermuda shows:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_DuFFiezvO6iQMWpp4JYwikuTGhLzYl9S2trTbOKpTg07A-Pv_ZnoN6JC9CykbkluDxT7YLv3NJDEByPKPx-yIc7s6anHSBRbM7QSI0VZfxULJAVHEISjpt1NXbdAVKIHrwxn/s746/John+Jennings+d1688+Bermuda.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="746" height="126" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_DuFFiezvO6iQMWpp4JYwikuTGhLzYl9S2trTbOKpTg07A-Pv_ZnoN6JC9CykbkluDxT7YLv3NJDEByPKPx-yIc7s6anHSBRbM7QSI0VZfxULJAVHEISjpt1NXbdAVKIHrwxn/w400-h126/John+Jennings+d1688+Bermuda.PNG" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p>John's will - written in 1684 and probated in 1688 - and compared to information from his father's will, shows that his brother Richard Jennings II had likely married Mary White, the sister of Anthony White. Richard Jennings II captained <i>Charles Gally, </i>cut logwood at the Bay of Campeche, and lost his vessel to pirate Francis Fernando in 1707. The interesting part is that Henry Jennings was later one of ten Jamaican privateers that included this same Francis Fernando!</p><p>In 1700, Richard Jennings II made a call at Charles Town, South Carolina and left this notation about his father's will of 1690, including his mother's remarriage to Robert Hall of Bermuda:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTl-TdFhFL0tP_pgK4mcEpfNh7kGo-onXI_3DZgqbYAP9Tgn8FZRr0RQxte88FlrCOorh-fVZluzR0K_n5vRD69tUTfaBDjYCc3xuvlXAc0YQMb9mbQgKOBxuO_-dwY_L_j-Mk/s2048/Will+of+Richard+Jennings+1689+SC+recs+full.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1721" data-original-width="2048" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTl-TdFhFL0tP_pgK4mcEpfNh7kGo-onXI_3DZgqbYAP9Tgn8FZRr0RQxte88FlrCOorh-fVZluzR0K_n5vRD69tUTfaBDjYCc3xuvlXAc0YQMb9mbQgKOBxuO_-dwY_L_j-Mk/w400-h336/Will+of+Richard+Jennings+1689+SC+recs+full.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Richard Jennings' Will info from South Carolina Probate Records in 1700</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p>John married a Trott, daughter of Perient and Mary Trott and sister of Perient Trott (brother also of Samuel and Nicholas Trott - the later governor of the Bahamas who traded with pirate Henry Avery). John Jennings' only male child was John.<br /></p><p></p><p>John Jennings, son of John also appears in Early Wills of Bermuda:</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5Tz7Ih6mA3MwU86RgrpgHGhN7DD8Us_GLMVVETn6bRNrQre2QmJj6T3l1ZXGzXFUdCZoinHmTttizpZZTleyAJcp8q-sPya34mKJb8nkGdFZ7UM09JKL9uiya2WiLRaTqhYFs/s746/John+Jennings+d1740+Bermuda.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="103" data-original-width="746" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5Tz7Ih6mA3MwU86RgrpgHGhN7DD8Us_GLMVVETn6bRNrQre2QmJj6T3l1ZXGzXFUdCZoinHmTttizpZZTleyAJcp8q-sPya34mKJb8nkGdFZ7UM09JKL9uiya2WiLRaTqhYFs/w400-h55/John+Jennings+d1740+Bermuda.PNG" width="400" /></a></div><br /> Here, we first see Henry appear, along with brothers Daniel, Richard, and Benjamin and sisters Mary and Sarah. John made this will in 1733 and died in 1740, so was very much alive when his son Henry had gone to the new town of Kingston in Jamaica:<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqpUhStxbwGahuqeLk_Evgh7cL3y-snC2b_n7OftdgGb_tcb1SYCoO9RpnQ53vWNBDTp8d-l1vKvC5F7ZT0hMyxPVvTLOe3aDNpx8GtKzYL56-PfToccD5HVC81_OIGjEzX26s/s2048/MPG+1_1067+Kingston+Jamaica+1703+w-Jennings+closeup.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1552" data-original-width="2048" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqpUhStxbwGahuqeLk_Evgh7cL3y-snC2b_n7OftdgGb_tcb1SYCoO9RpnQ53vWNBDTp8d-l1vKvC5F7ZT0hMyxPVvTLOe3aDNpx8GtKzYL56-PfToccD5HVC81_OIGjEzX26s/w400-h303/MPG+1_1067+Kingston+Jamaica+1703+w-Jennings+closeup.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Christian Lilly's Survey of Kingston, Jamaica in 1703</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Henry Jennings had purchased two lots in Kingston. He was listed innocuously in shipping records as a mariner involved in “trade.” <br /><br />British engineer Christian Lilly made a plan (shown above) of the new town of Kingston which included names of subscribers for town lots. “H Jennings” appears twice: one lot on the east side of Orange Street and another on the lower part of King’s. </p><p>As master of <i>Seaflower</i> in 1710, he collected logwood from the Bay of Campeach – like his cousin Richard Jennings III in <i>Charles Gally</i> - and traded slaves on a minor scale to Jamaica. </p><p>Henry was one of many “sugar drovers,” one who had been recorded losing a sloop <i>Diamond</i>, of four guns, in Jamaica in January 1712. </p><p>Colin Woodard found him in “<i>Bathsheba</i>” of Jamaica in Boston’s customs records on July 7, 1715, just a few weeks before the hurricane that year. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifx2ZhOD7JSXlB6oIBlM5adjeR060uq9f5VwC1M8tuFaz5i9eHkhwqQk9F8NhO7Em-F72NOb_TibIpfIu-HtCD1Mjar1rBZSa_D191e6yIfoxMjOffsEVEdyqllf6J7arnAfLd/s1351/Three+ships+of+Henry+Jennings.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="176" data-original-width="1351" height="53" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifx2ZhOD7JSXlB6oIBlM5adjeR060uq9f5VwC1M8tuFaz5i9eHkhwqQk9F8NhO7Em-F72NOb_TibIpfIu-HtCD1Mjar1rBZSa_D191e6yIfoxMjOffsEVEdyqllf6J7arnAfLd/w400-h53/Three+ships+of+Henry+Jennings.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Henry Jennings in Shipping Records of Jamaica</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4jT4M5wRscC1PQp1aCafFzlWDwxt4dSk9mEtRNXSaHb1zsCaGCB5b2_ovEBODdCtW44FJH_-8TG8OY1boymxPx6YxV1hRZlBKzJgiu2UN_u5Kk2u7vlPbh5VC_76tWD3AlYJs/s1377/Timberlake+-+Jennings+mid+1715.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="689" data-original-width="1377" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4jT4M5wRscC1PQp1aCafFzlWDwxt4dSk9mEtRNXSaHb1zsCaGCB5b2_ovEBODdCtW44FJH_-8TG8OY1boymxPx6YxV1hRZlBKzJgiu2UN_u5Kk2u7vlPbh5VC_76tWD3AlYJs/w400-h200/Timberlake+-+Jennings+mid+1715.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Henry Jennings in Massachusetts Shipping Records of 1715 - located by Colin Woodard and also shows Henry Timberlake - later taken by Edward "Blackbeard" Thache and Benjamin Hornigold in <i>Delight, </i>late 1716.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p>In only a few months, perhaps influenced by his “Sea Dog” heroes, Henry Jennings became an American pirate legend. Captain John Balchen, of HMS <i>Diamond</i>, wrote to Admiralty Secretary Burchet from Jamaica on the 13th of May, 1716, describing Henry Jennings’ official commission from “Lord Hamilton… for suppressing of piracys.” Balchen said Jennings sought to capitalize upon the spilled Spanish treasure, <i>not</i> take pirates. Jennings and Wills, guided by their heroes, greed, and holding little regard for the Spanish even in peacetime, stole recovered treasure directly from their salvage base camp on the Florida shore, rather than simply fishing the wrecks in English waters - the more legal route. Trouble was that most of the treasure was on the La Florida or Spanish coast! Jennings would gather together another fleet to go after – not just wrecks – but foreign vessels that he possibly learned about from the Cuban Deputy-governor del Valle’s letter to Hamilton. </p><p>It seems that hunting foreign treasures was about all the English had the desire to do in the West Indies! <br /></p><p>By early 1718, Henry returned to his old home place in Bermuda after his short, blatantly illegal run as a pirate. There, he may have contented himself with the family’s smuggling and slave business. Gov. Bennett, who may have been glad to have him back in local business, wrote to the Board, specifically mentioning “Capt. Henry Jennings one of them (who left off that way of liveing [piracy] some months since) has arrived here who with seven others [who] have surrendred themselves.” <br /><br />Shortly afterward, a Henry Jennings was found sailing in March 1719 from Jamaica to Philadelphia. The next year, the wealthy maritime warrior operated again as a privateer from Bermuda in the next war with Spain, carrying three prize vessels into New York with cargos of “Snuff, Sugar, Oyle Soap, and European Goods.” In 1723, he was captured by another pirate named “Evans” and held prisoner until a quarrel broke out among the pirate crew. Jennings and other “forced men” retook the ship and sailed it back to Bermuda. The Jennings family operated as merchants, slavers, smugglers, and privateers, making their usual runs to Philadelphia, Jamaica, and New York, yet faded from the shipping records by the 1730s. </p><p>Capt. Richard Jennings III of the Somers Islands and a few other captains named Jennings operated sparsely in Bermudan traffic for the following decades. In 1742, as the aging owner of <i>Henry Jennings & Company of Bermuda</i>, this Henry dabbled in the earliest family business, transporting slaves from Africa to the West Indies in the ironically-named <i>Friendship</i>. While likely pirate and mariner Henry Jennings died before 17th of December 1750, a younger “Capt. Henry Jennings” of sloop <i>Ranger</i>, a vessel owned by “Richard Downing Jennings and Henry Jennings of Bermuda” also traded to Philadelphia in 1767. </p><p>The Jennings’ family businesses of smuggling, piracy, and slavery in America – Johnson’s “Commonwealth of Pyrates” – probably continued right up to the American Revolution and beyond. They may even have shared runs with the smuggling Hancocks of Revolutionary-era Boston. </p><p>---------------------------- <br /></p><p>Most of the genealogy is new research of mine, but the latter detailed part was adopted from the 2020 E-edition of <i><a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/baylus-c-brooks/quest-for-blackbeard-the-true-story-of-edward-thache-and-his-world/ebook/product-186ympjz.html?page=1&pageSize=4">Quest for Blackbeard: The True Story of Edward Thache and His World</a>. </i></p><p><i> </i></p><p><i> </i><br /></p><p><br /></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-74547429367259503662021-03-22T11:07:00.012-07:002021-03-24T19:32:33.702-07:00Spotswood's Failed Attempt to Steal Spanish Treasure!<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhssib-QnWHDxirLkdRv6ZaCr7LZk7fuX5q_7o1L-aQJFBFp5yvomSCx6zVeFJIiPzwI3J79YChFmi9BmXV3oKhW_TJjyaKG6YYY_r4FY1I1Bbx47k8yvcP9Tc2GPkQsezbG7BW/s1951/3+views+mammon.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="885" data-original-width="1951" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhssib-QnWHDxirLkdRv6ZaCr7LZk7fuX5q_7o1L-aQJFBFp5yvomSCx6zVeFJIiPzwI3J79YChFmi9BmXV3oKhW_TJjyaKG6YYY_r4FY1I1Bbx47k8yvcP9Tc2GPkQsezbG7BW/w400-h181/3+views+mammon.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Three views of Mammon, Greed, or John Milton's "Devil of Covetousness" It's quite obvious how "Mammon's" appearance changed through time from the 18th century until now - from a little-feared miserly old man to finally corrupting into the actual Devil himself! The beast of Mammon matured after the United States confidently became a nation.</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Americans are absolutely obsessed with and covetous of property. But, why? Have Americans always been greedy, or was this a learned behavior? Property had special meaning to the population of a land-starved island nation like Great Britain - America's motherland. Property became the basis for the freehold, franchise, or the right to vote - actual political power over others. As the British Isles filled with people, this power became a premium and localized in the hands of only a few. It's estimated that, in the eighteenth century, only 3% of the population of Great Britain had the right to vote - a right so absolutely cherished by Americans today - a right then solely dependent on property ownership. <p></p><p>How did that change - specifically for America - as opposed to Great Britain - and a new nation of Mammon-worshiping property-owners evolving from that land-starved island nation? </p><p>LAND! Pure power - glorious dirt that glittered like silver or gold treasure! America was thought by Europeans to be virtually unlimited in land. It was a dream or utopia to all Europeans, but especially to island-dwelling Protestant Englishmen.</p><p>Only one problem: that vast unlimited land - that access to ultimate power - was already possessed by Catholic Spain. This was an annoying fact to not only previously (before the Spanish Armada failure of 1588) power-starved Englishmen, but also the Native American or Indians who had first lost their land to the Catholics the century before! </p><p>Of course, Indians lost more than just land - their remarkably tolerant Creator also suffered great discrimination and abuse by all Christians! Indians might find solace in the fact that Christians just as often abused each other - it seems that Protestants and Catholics rarely got along and appeared to truly worship no god at all, but greed itself - treasure, or Mammon, the "Devil of Covetousness!"</p><p>How was the land-starved Englishman to obtain a piece of Spanish America? For the English in 1663/5, it was merely an act of <i>claiming</i> Spain's territory - yeah, just saying, or writing on paper that they owned it!</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKU2XCRyQFxIemjDBQCTZqWFqNk2aAEr16a4aUYo8BwVR7cK7IaFAj-Or-iNPqQQeClbnVIA_3nQXGSNneP3V7xkbYPojhnRl_PAS6AsoSlPjQOQ5xUChdESp8HQXuw587ipl3/s691/carolina+1663-5.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="691" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKU2XCRyQFxIemjDBQCTZqWFqNk2aAEr16a4aUYo8BwVR7cK7IaFAj-Or-iNPqQQeClbnVIA_3nQXGSNneP3V7xkbYPojhnRl_PAS6AsoSlPjQOQ5xUChdESp8HQXuw587ipl3/w400-h340/carolina+1663-5.PNG" width="400" /></a></div> <p></p><p>Clearly, <i>actual possession</i> meant having to steal it, as the Spanish had done to the technologically less-advantageous Indians and created the piratical land "beyond the lines of amity" in the first place! <br /></p><p>Owing to the fact that the Atlantic Ocean most obviously blocked their way, theft on the water, or piracy and marine raids were the chosen methods of the greedy Englishman to relieve Spain of its stolen property - to possess it for themselves, not to return it to its rightful owners, of course.</p><p>Of course, the idea of "property" evolved a bit in this martial Mammon-loving American atmosphere into more than just land - thanks to sugar or "White Gold." Slaves - the engine of sugar wealth - also became precious objects to be possessed. Specie, of course, was always valuable, as the non-imaginary measure of value itself. That the United States inherited Mammon's capitalism from its early piratical English forebears reveals itself in the American "dollar" named and valued after the Spanish "piece of eight" dollar. The older generation of American today may remember referring to a quarter dollar as "two bits" or 1/4 of "eight bits" or the traditional division of Spanish "piece of eight" coins into eight parts or "bits."<br /></p><p>But, stealing Spain's wealth - silver and gold cobs, or Spanish dollars and jewels - while it resulted in little enduring power, it still provided immediate benefits of instant wealth, the quick and gratuitous path to Mammon! Not to mention that it would deliver further blows to the Catholics! British citizens of means invested regularly in privateer and wreck-fishing enterprises to steal Spain's treasure. </p><p>One Spanish wreck in the late 17th century afforded a small group of five English investors - including the king himself - a chance to make virtual fortunes... enough for one of them to build a new mansion in Kent! This was <i>only </i>one Spanish treasure ship! <br /></p><p>On July 30, 1715, a hurricane crossed through the Windward Isles and slammed directly into La Florida at precisely the same moment that Spain's long-held-up treasure fleet, consisting of eleven treasure galleons with three years worth of the income for Seville aboard, passed through the straits of Florida on their way home. <i>Eleven</i> treasure ships were blown against the shallow shores, spilling 14 million pesos worth in silver alone... not to mention whatever value the gold and jewels might add to this golden siren's lusty song!</p><p>Mariners from all across the Atlantic community jumped to the altar to worship Mammon - or covet some treasure for themselves.</p><p>One of those men by the name of Josiah Forbes, mariner of Philadelphia, made a fateful provisioning call at Virginia on his way back from the Florida wrecks. The acting governor of Virginia - of gentlemanly stature - even royal, owing to his family connections
to the ruling King George I - was Lt. Gov. Alexander Spotswood. </p><p>Spotswood, perhaps for the first time, glimpsed the massive proceeds possible from the wrecks in Forbes' hull and, of course, held him on suspicion of piracy - if for no other reason than to keep him in Virginia. He later wrote - attempting to formalize his decision to hold his prisoner - that Forbes had since been discovered to have been imprisoned by the Spanish and having escaped them before sailing for Virginia. There you have it! Forbes was already a criminal to their "friends" the Spanish! <br /></p><p>Despite all the warnings - and being possessed by Mammon - the corrupt idea probably leapt from Spotswood's greedy brain that he might get some of that treasure for himself! And... of course (tongue firmly planted in cheek), to further the national goals of Great Britain - God Bless the King!<br /></p><p>There had also been rumors of much competition - a great many mariners of every sort collecting on the island of New Providence to fish the very same wrecks. They also raided vessels who had already fished the wrecks and took their treasure - I mean, why do the dangerous job of diving when you didn't have to? Not to put too fine a point on it, but many upstanding gentlemen lost many a good slave that way...</p><p>Another thing that Spotswood must have considered: How long would the treasure hold out with that many people fishing it up from the sea floor? Spotswood had to act quickly if he would benefit from this golden opportunity... <br /></p><p>Still, the acting chief of Virginia was far too genteel and could not fish the treasure himself. So, he chose another man - a partner of sorts - to take care of the dirty business for him. </p><p>Capt. Harry Beverly, styled - after 1720 - of "New-lands," or the newest lands of his 32,000 acres, or his plantation in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, would build a vessel and sail for such a king's ransom in Spotswood's stead.<br /></p><p>Beverly was a man of means - son of Major Robert Beverly - an original immigrant in 1663 (coincidentally, when Carolina first claimed Spain's New World territory). Harry was then a first generation American born to the gentlemanly immigrant Beverly family of Beverly, Yorkshire. The Beverlys became founding fathers in Virginia, along with other allied families such as Carters, Armisteads, Churchills, and Fairfax. They became ancestors of great statesmen and presidents of the United States!</p><p>There would be many investors in this venture<i> </i>as well as Spotswood - all rich and some, just as wealthy as Spotswood. Indeed, Beverly's entire family had hoped for a piece of the coveted Spanish wealth as evidenced by his step-sister Elizabeth Churchill's notation in her will of 1716 "if Mr. Harry Beverley brings back any money or other returns from the wrecks, her share should go to certain of her grandchildren." The "other returns" may have referred to silver and gold plate or jewels. All treasure was most welcome. </p><p>The Beverly's were already quite wealthy - Harry himself, of course, owning as many as 32,000 acres of land at the time of his death. So, the expected immense fortune in specie only sparked a side-diversion for these early wealthy Americans - they did not <i>need </i>the money. But, adventure was in the offing! For Beverly, this expedition would resemble an international playboy's fancy, if you will. </p><p>Beverly needed help building his vessel and engaged his step-brother Walter Keeble - less than ten years apart in age and likely close for most of their 30 something years, as of 1716. Together, according to CO 137/12, they had a square-sterned sloop constructed on the Piankatank River, on the south side of their then Middlesex County residence. Spotswood armed this sloop <i>Virgin </i>with eight cannon from his own colonial stores, obviously anticipating trouble in those Spanish waters. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZpuuBZG8RucCxPxotAQcVPB1mC8XTI9encssjuD86UmOlQQ8O7BXQ2MBMPgoT7Vp-Z32vR78FsmdvMQJHiwMjDKT-P3-4Kw_an_0xni4rn-uwKVNI-4vM9t9_mBVVF2qAIVTM/s905/middlesex+virginia+beverly+keeble+piankatank+full+view.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="749" data-original-width="905" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZpuuBZG8RucCxPxotAQcVPB1mC8XTI9encssjuD86UmOlQQ8O7BXQ2MBMPgoT7Vp-Z32vR78FsmdvMQJHiwMjDKT-P3-4Kw_an_0xni4rn-uwKVNI-4vM9t9_mBVVF2qAIVTM/w400-h331/middlesex+virginia+beverly+keeble+piankatank+full+view.PNG" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdaG43pRQTYGRcfzGIe4-LkM3QDMM0IMmidk-8tHrn1R08JbAc62_AqqlFQcJ8Di0NokIm5r_3t7Y0fHJBfsmOghI4Vak-fTiTuMqaJXj-mCto09sspTQwL2y6QAMgpCCk8iVu/s500/sloops+in+yourk+river+va.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="291" data-original-width="500" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdaG43pRQTYGRcfzGIe4-LkM3QDMM0IMmidk-8tHrn1R08JbAc62_AqqlFQcJ8Di0NokIm5r_3t7Y0fHJBfsmOghI4Vak-fTiTuMqaJXj-mCto09sspTQwL2y6QAMgpCCk8iVu/w400-h233/sloops+in+yourk+river+va.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sloops offshore at Virginia</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Spotswood would have to be politically delicate. The English and Spanish were then at peace. The War of the Spanish Succession or Queen Anne's War had just ended in 1714. The original claim of Carolina in 1663/5 would take time to actualize. Any theft from the Spanish had to be covert, so as not to begin another international incident - not right away, at any rate. The war had been a long one and the king undoubtedly did not want to start again so soon. They must at least pretend to honor the treaty while getting whatever they could of the treasure. <br /><p></p><p>On 15th of June 1716, Lt. Gov. Spotswood commissioned Beverly's <i>Virgin </i>and gave him instructions... these instructions (in <a href="http://baylusbrooks.com/index_files/Page30523.htm">CO 5/1317</a>), of course, mention the source of the treasure first:</p><p></p><blockquote>Whereas I have Received Information that divers Ships Richly Laden having been cast away in the Channel of Bahama & other... <br /></blockquote><p></p><p>The all-capitalized part about "Ships Richly Laden" I'm sure never went unnoticed. And, then, his wording proceeded to his competitors: <br /></p><p></p><blockquote>... and that under pretence of fishing for the Said Wreck'd Goods, divers persons as well his Majesties Subjects as others have Assembled themselves with their Vessells armed and equipped in Warlike manner, commiting depredations & other Acts of Hostility, upon the Spaniards & other Nations in Amity with His Majesty [at peace; Treaty of Utrecht] and that the Said persons have also taken possession of the Island of Providence, and intend to Strengthen themselves there under a Governor of their own choosing... </blockquote><p>Oh, Spotswood's words made him appear quite concerned about their Spanish neighbors! Well, he was a royal official who should at least appear to be doing his duty! <br /></p><p>As to Bahamian pirates - or, his challengers for the treasure - the literately loquacious Spotswood never made any pretense about his disgust for these wannabee usurpers of authority and "low-life" commoners in his lengthy diatribes. Annoying for such a refined gentleman as he, these "ne'er do wells" occupying New Providence and fishing his wrecks were a nuisance to all - and a threat to all <i>legitimate</i> attempts to steal/fish the treasure! </p><p></p><p>On 23rd
June, Beverley departed from Virginia. According to Spotswood in his complaint to the Board of Trade, Beverly's voyage did not go well from the start:</p><p></p><blockquote>... two days after he
left the Capes of Virginia he mett with a strong wind
at South West, which carry'd him into the latitude of
28<i>d</i>. 40<i>m</i>. and longitude of 6 degrees [east - approx. longitude of Bermuda] from the said
Capes, where on 5th July he found himself close by a
ship and a sloop, which proved to be a Spanish man of
war called the <i>St. Juan Baptista</i>, commanded by Don
Joseph <span class="highlight" id="highlight-first">Rocher</span> de la Pena... </blockquote><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-w0f89uLIYE4rCLETKaY01RtcF1KU1LeFfgSsUWHz_gEyxDdEJsN9f847yTYV5ShJbP8rEj3txDN0OEfj70lXWVNbg0ihdgVIPN0R_S38DH9w983wHakzRjWFYuqDtg5UFMvX/s1095/beverly+map+28+deg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="652" data-original-width="1095" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-w0f89uLIYE4rCLETKaY01RtcF1KU1LeFfgSsUWHz_gEyxDdEJsN9f847yTYV5ShJbP8rEj3txDN0OEfj70lXWVNbg0ihdgVIPN0R_S38DH9w983wHakzRjWFYuqDtg5UFMvX/w400-h239/beverly+map+28+deg.png" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><blockquote>... The man of war fired three shots at Beverley's sloop
(which had the English colours flying on board) and
then ordered him to come on board, where (without ever
looking into his papers or so much as asking for them)
only demanding from whence he came, he was made
prisoner and his boats crew confined apart. The men
of the Spanish ship immediately went on board his sloop,
beat and stript all the men[,] broke open their chests,
plundered and carry'd off all the cargo, and brought
the men [as] prisoners on board the man of war, where they
were forced naked as they were to work as the Spaniards
ordered them, except Beverley himself, and Mr. Peter
Whiting and George [Keeble] his officers. <br /></blockquote><blockquote>On the 30th
they arrived at Porto Rico, where the Spaniards sold
most of the goods belonging to Beverley's sloop, and
then on 11th May, they came to St. Domingo. <br /></blockquote><blockquote>At both
which places Beverley[,] conscious of his honest intentions,
desired a trial but was denyed, untill they should arrive
at La Vera Crux, whither the Spanish Commander declared he intended to carry his prisoners. It appears
also by the letters from Beverley that he had sent
divers letters to the Governour of St. Domingo, setting
forth his case, and praying for a tryal, but no answer
was returned, neither was Beverley or any of his men
suffered to go on shoar or permitted to speak to anyone
at either of these places, and since 14th Aug. Beverley
nor any of his men have been heard of.</blockquote><p></p><p>Spotswood seemed to scream out to his fellow Englishmen, "Oh, the horror!" <br /></p><p>Apparently, Rocher and the Mexican government never believed Beverly's protestations of innocence. Only six months before, Jamaica's anti-pirate privateer Henry Jennings simply walked onto the beaches of the Spanish territory of La Florida - at St. Sebastian Inlet, even below the 29th parallel or the southern limits of the Carolina "claim" - and stole all the treasure already recovered by their salvers and spiking their cannon as they left - for good measure. This was clearly an act of war - it appeared that Jennings was not so worried about restarting the just-ended conflict and again violating the treaty! </p><p>This fact never seemed to cross Spotswood's or Beverly's mind... that the Spanish were already pissed and would take action against any English vessel they might! The Spanish could have opted to declare the treaty null and void after Jennings' Christmas 1715 raid of their treasure - on their own land! What made the Englishmen so sure that the Spanish would just let them take what they wanted and then shake hands - maybe tip back a few mugs of Sangria - with Beverly?</p><p>After all, the English pirates and terrorists in Campeche, Mexico had just been expelled from Laguna de Terminos by the Barlovento Squadron out of Vera Cruz that summer, too! By 1716, the Spanish had had quite enough loss from these Englishmen!<br /></p><p>Maybe Spotswood hoped that Beverly would just not get caught stealing Spanish property - or treasure. Might it be that Spotswood and Beverly simply took the chance of missing Rocher or any other Spanish Man-of-War that might be out there in the wide-open seas. Beverly was possibly secretly ordered by Spotswood to just take what he could and hightail it back to Virginia. The "official commission" of going after Bahamian pirates might have been simply a ruse to avoid later legalities if caught. We'll likely never know since Beverly never even made it to New Providence before he was captured!</p><p>===== update: 3-24-2021 ==============================</p><p>In CO 137/12, a letter from Beverley's crew dated December 9, 1716, a few months after arriving at Vera Cruz tells that Beverly intended to go the Bahamas after more treasure from the Spanish wrecks, since they "in hopes to find a Wreck there, having found three Saylors Chests on the Shore among these Islands." Beverley's crew later opted for a piece of the action, as opposed to monthly wages, hoping that the chests were full of treasure. The Spanish undoubtedly suspected Beverly and crew of another operation similar to Jenning's. Still, Beverley, in his next letter of March 6th, 1717, suggests that Lt. Gov. Spotswood's intel of the sea chests ashore at New Providence came to him in May 1716 - the month <i>before </i>commissioning Beverly and <i>Virgin. </i>Therefore, it's likely that Spotswood wanted to collect that Spanish money - not to help the Spanish with their pirate problem. <br /></p><p></p><p>==================================================== <br /></p><p>Virginia "privateer" Capt. Harry Beverly eventually made it back to his base of Virginia... but, only after the Spanish had thoroughly satiated their anger at Henry Jennings, Harry Beverly, Alexander Spotswood, or any other Protestant heretic thief that might have hoped to steal from them. They ruined the English plans of Spotswood, sold their merchandise, and condemned <i>Virgin</i>. What's more, Rocher and his Barlovento Squadron from Vera Cruz, Mexico most likely captured these annoying English criminals often! Many wreck-fishing vessels must have been condemned at La Vera Cruz.<br /></p><p>Jamaican Gov. Lord Archibald Hamilton attempted the same trickery against the Spanish with his ten-privateer fleet in winter of 1715 - to "hunt pirates" - following the wreck of the Spanish fleet in the hurricane earlier that summer. The result was that Henry Jennings - one of those privateers - outright violated the treaty and invaded Spanish La Florida, angering Spain and causing a backlash against English aggression.</p><p>I rather think the Spanish had every right to imprison these English terrorists - if one believes in the traditional real (in the sense of property) precept of ownership being 9/10ths equal to possession. </p><p>Some Americans today might disagree with me on anachronistic terms because today, we merely view the victims here as Spanish and Catholic and know that the English successfully stole their property - now, Americans own La Florida! <br /></p><p>But, aren't those Americans thieves and racists? Just like the Spanish before them? And we grew up in a nation of piratical Mammon worshipers, so our angry anti-Catholic, anti-Spanish opinions might be skewed by race, greed and the capitalistic profit motive. <i> </i></p><p><i>A General History of the Pyrates </i>perhaps said it best when it called America a "Commonwealth of Pyrates!"</p><p>I agree. America is the quintessential nation built by greed, Mammon - the commonwealth, the land "beyond the lines of amity!" To the victor go the spoils! </p><p>Only now - after gaining possession of Spain's property - American thieves and racists claim to be democratic and pretend to respect each others' opinions.<br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-30480068590520539852021-02-20T18:06:00.025-08:002021-12-14T16:04:43.700-08:00Anne Bonny, Possible Neighbor of the Thaches of Spanish Town, Jamaica?<p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJaq7zC4nNZtHq1R-8MMxgZDa6dwV3Z5NMiVIbeYQweYu3cFGAkATEih1lHVX-DNIa9yF4D19sWepmZcJSmvT48EQbXMTKmttBnqr_A9fWHfgOSowxsm2P1ye3LwyLg-Mth6xW/s497/Bonney+Anne+%25281697-1720%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="350" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJaq7zC4nNZtHq1R-8MMxgZDa6dwV3Z5NMiVIbeYQweYu3cFGAkATEih1lHVX-DNIa9yF4D19sWepmZcJSmvT48EQbXMTKmttBnqr_A9fWHfgOSowxsm2P1ye3LwyLg-Mth6xW/w450-h640/Bonney+Anne+%25281697-1720%2529.jpg" width="450" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Anne Bonney" illustration from <i>A General History of the Pyrates</i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Ever since the pirate trial of 1720/21 at St. Jago de la Vega, or "Spanish Town" Jamaica, historians have contemplated the only two female pirates ever mentioned in the modern (and, of course, disputed) Golden Age, from 1715-1726. Mary Read and Anne Bonny have fascinated thousands for at least three centuries!<p></p><p>Spanish Town, of course, was the colonial capital of the fairly fresh English colony of Jamiaca - having been taken from the Spanish in 1655. Thus, the oft-used named of "Spanish Town" for the captured Spanish capital of St. Jago de la Vega. </p><p>Most modern assumptions stem from Charles Johnson's <i>A General History of the Pyrates, </i>which has, in recent years, come under a great deal of scrutiny. Also, it's author was more than likely Nathaniel Mist, a controversial newspaper publisher, often jailed for supporting the Jacobite cause (not unlike MAGA dissension in America today). </p><p>Jacobites desired to place James III, the "Pretender," (Donald Trump in this analogy) back on the throne of England. Parliament (similar to our Congress) prevented James III from succeeding his sister Anne in 1714, but Jacobites still saw the "Pretender" as the rightful King of England and rebelled twice in 1715 and 1745. </p><p>Most scholars presume that pirates of the Caribbean and in the Americas more generally, held a strong fascination with Jacobitism - especially the early iteration in 1715. Still, how durable that fascination actually was is a matter of debate. It is known that pirates at least identified with the "Pretender" and his Stuart royal family, reflected in the naming of their vessels, like "Revenge," "Royal James," or the two pirate ships named "Queen Anne's Revenge." </p><p>Anne Bonny rose into legend over that 300 years since the 1720s - something of a tricentennial, in fact. Due to the scarcity of records - especially from former pirate strongholds such as Jamaica or the Bahamas - many scholars have relied quite loosely upon questionable sources such as Johnson's - or Mist's or the ubiquitous flood of popular literature about them since - most all based on one source: <i>A General History</i>. </p><p>Based in <i>A General History</i> and owing to this flood of popular literature since, Anne Bonny's supposed history has blossomed from being virtually unknown to... the daughter of William Cormac, a man reputed to have "first moved to London to get away from his wife's family, and he began dressing his daughter as a boy and calling her 'Andy.'" </p><p>A great deal of literary license over the centuries by numerous authors - all hinging upon <i>A General History</i> - a book called by literary scholar Dr. Manushag Powell a "counterfactual" (think: "alternative facts" or, at best, historical fiction) - culminated in this extraordinary passage found on Wikipedia:</p><blockquote><p>When Cormac's wife discovered William had taken in the illegitimate daughter and was bringing the child up to be a lawyer's clerk and dressing her as a boy, she stopped giving him an allowance. Cormac then moved to the Province of Carolina, taking along his former serving girl, the mother of Bonny. Bonny's father abandoned the original "Mc" prefix of their family name to blend more easily into the Charles Town citizenry. At first, the family had a rough start in their new home, but Cormac's knowledge of law and ability to buy and sell goods soon financed a townhouse and eventually a plantation just out of town. Bonny's mother died when she was 12. Her father attempted to establish himself as an attorney but did not do well. Eventually, he joined the more profitable merchant business and accumulated a substantial fortune.<br /><br />It is recorded that Bonny had red hair and was considered a "good catch" but may have had a fiery temper; at age 13, she supposedly stabbed a servant girl with a knife. She married a poor sailor and small-time pirate named James Bonny. James hoped to win possession of his father-in-law's estate, but Bonny was disowned by her father. Anne's father did not approve of James Bonny as a husband for his daughter, and he kicked Anne out of their house.<br /></p></blockquote><blockquote><p>However, it is known [but, not really] that sometime between 1714 and 1718, she and James Bonny moved to Nassau, on New Providence Island, known as a sanctuary for English pirates called the Republic of Pirates. Many inhabitants received a King's Pardon or otherwise evaded the law. It is also recorded that, after the arrival of Governor Woodes Rogers in the summer of 1718, James Bonny became an informant for the governor [also, unsupported - the <i>Calendar of State Papers </i>- the usual source for this info, does not seem to notice James]. James Bonny would report to Governor Rogers about the pirates in the area, which resulted in a multitude of these pirates being arrested. Anne disliked the work her husband did for Governor Rogers.<br /><br />While in the Bahamas, Bonny began mingling with pirates in the taverns. She met John "Calico Jack" Rackham, and he became her lover. He offered money to her husband James Bonny if he would divorce her, but her husband refused and apparently threatened to beat John. She and Rackham escaped the island together, and she became a member of Rackham's crew. She disguised herself as a man on the ship, and only Rackham and Mary Read were aware that she was a woman until it became clear that she was pregnant. Rackham then landed her at Cuba where she gave birth to a son. She then rejoined Rackham and continued the pirate life, having divorced her husband and married Rackham while at sea [possibly - but her actual husband's name might have been Fulford]. <br /></p></blockquote><p>Seriously?? I have to say that this elaborate tale depends on absolutely NO primary sources - unless you consider <i>A General History </i>to be a primary source, which I - and Dr. Powell -<i> do not</i> - up until we get to the line "Bonny, Rackham, and Read stole the ship William, then at anchor in Nassau harbor, and put out to sea." </p><p>How do we know this? Because the <i>Boston Gazette</i> issue of October 17, 1720 printed an ad by Gov. Woodes Rogers of the Bahamas, searching for the absconders! <i>Williams</i>' owner Capt. John Ham probably wouldn't stop bugging Rogers about it: </p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAQ876cWgqXCn7uDSMe6xbBpqHDMc2s52PyQWHjWsUn7idiV-S7Ut3q02K7xrRyhp8NiIZudynhBGdCqCFOSpZXXwT9gx6LwCpjusjYMX51zP3ETBIJdlWWMJINnMKySSHXkmK/s2048/Boston_Gazette_1720-10-17_%255B3%255D.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1328" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAQ876cWgqXCn7uDSMe6xbBpqHDMc2s52PyQWHjWsUn7idiV-S7Ut3q02K7xrRyhp8NiIZudynhBGdCqCFOSpZXXwT9gx6LwCpjusjYMX51zP3ETBIJdlWWMJINnMKySSHXkmK/w414-h640/Boston_Gazette_1720-10-17_%255B3%255D.png" width="414" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Boston Gazette</i>, 17 Oct 1720, page 3<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p></p><p>Note the name "Ann Fulford alias Bonny." She was known on the Bahamas by both of these names. The term "alias" did not usually mean she was hiding from the law. It simply meant "another name for" or "also known as." Her married name - whether ecumenically or common law - was probably Fulford.</p><p>For example, George Washington's wife might have been called "Martha Washington alias Custis." <br /></p><p>So far, no theory explains this "Fulford" name, apart from Bath, North Carolina merchant John Fulford and his wife Dorothy, in NC as early as 1705, who appears in South Carolina records as receiving men's hair products for sale through Hallan Delamare, probable relation of Francis Delamare of Pasquotank County, North Carolina. Ann could be either: 1) the daughter of John and Dorothy, or 2) the wife of their sons James or William Fulford, about whom almost nothing is known: </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh2SAmis6E4kZPQiHjp8gsqWGW1jmUwOl2Mr_j8B_T1Y8UNM9yKm1SM2nzeWO8IqXBeb29bV3vD1X2lZ80esac7tFtXjqVrOFROvoqHqonWn-hjPo2uR8Ygy4PTyJjpU1gE-0L/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="452" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh2SAmis6E4kZPQiHjp8gsqWGW1jmUwOl2Mr_j8B_T1Y8UNM9yKm1SM2nzeWO8IqXBeb29bV3vD1X2lZ80esac7tFtXjqVrOFROvoqHqonWn-hjPo2uR8Ygy4PTyJjpU1gE-0L/w400-h279/image.png" width="400" /></a></div><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsFnzo9PyK_Z-gOW2caqaE3ruGZpE9eMcIsxiFHTquplZbMyYucOSeZxNF3lmepu4r0HRVgq2uNylL6bWlmD_XdFOS8QWD3gkDYBCV3H2VacZbQF3p0uDPTYuwuDfzJhA-FZ9G/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="1398" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsFnzo9PyK_Z-gOW2caqaE3ruGZpE9eMcIsxiFHTquplZbMyYucOSeZxNF3lmepu4r0HRVgq2uNylL6bWlmD_XdFOS8QWD3gkDYBCV3H2VacZbQF3p0uDPTYuwuDfzJhA-FZ9G/w400-h184/image.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibYz7T7du0QZQfM113KmIAjrZhOIsnOqwo4wh9q0ZBPxyoFV5illEKu4VlgS7N4uXtaRnFW1JzpaPPGGpMN1uMKP0bmXfKPsHClIjtfWR9DBDRaAJF5KBs9zaV8L4_91iRst8G/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="69" data-original-width="739" height="38" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibYz7T7du0QZQfM113KmIAjrZhOIsnOqwo4wh9q0ZBPxyoFV5illEKu4VlgS7N4uXtaRnFW1JzpaPPGGpMN1uMKP0bmXfKPsHClIjtfWR9DBDRaAJF5KBs9zaV8L4_91iRst8G/w400-h38/image.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Certainly, if Ann Bonny was the wife, by license or common-law, of either Fulford brother, they most likely met while in the Bahamas, perhaps on a trading voyage. Still, the Fulford mariner could have met her in Jamaica, and they might have come to New Providence together. Jamaica records at the Registrar General's Department, however, show no Fulfords until 1793.</p><p>If I have to say it... that the <i>Boston Gazette</i> newspaper article is a valid primary source - and one that does NOT depend on <i>A General History - </i>from a contemporary who knew these people - and was responsible for apprehending them... well, let's just say that Woodes Rogers had to know what he was talking about! He deserves more credit than to be completely ignored!</p><p></p><p>The court records from the Spanish Town Trial mentioned Rackham, Bonny, Read, Vane, and a great number of other pirates captured by Jonathan Barnet, a privateer of Jamaica since at least 1715 - the time of the wreck of eleven Spanish vessels known as the "Plate Fleet" today - or specifically from Gov. Archibald Hamilton's response in November 1715 to the massive flood of pirate activity that followed the hurricane of July 30, 1715 and the spilling of millions of pieces of eight on the shallow shores of La Florida - in easy fishing distance - a virtual fortune for anyone who would risk his neck to fish it or take it from others who had. And, a great many mariners took that chance!<br /></p><p>Many of the "wreckers" who filled the streets of Nassau, New Providence Island in the Bahamas to fish those wrecks came from New England, England, both Carolinas, Virginia, Bermuda, Antigua, and yes - Jamaica! From all over the Atlantic World!<br /></p><p>Until my exposure to the historical community of the Jamaican Anglican Church Records - available on microfilm since 1960s and online for the past decade at familysearch.org, almost no one searched Jamaica looking for any pirate's origin... the island just sat there - in the Caribbean - certainly noticed by most 18th century writers - even by Johnson - but never accessed by anyone since! <br /></p><p>I found Edward Thache's family there in the capital city of Spanish Town through those records. So, what about Ann Bonny? What about Mary Read? <br /></p><p>Well... just from the Anglican Church records in the Thache's church of St. Catherine's Cathedral come these records for Bonny, researched by me on <a href="http://familysearch.org">familysearch.org</a>:</p><p>1695 July 1 - Burial of Mary Bonny<br /><br />1698 Nov 22 - Phillip & Ann christen child Mary<br /><br />1699 Feb 9 - Phillip & Ann christen child Elizabeth<br /><br />1700 July 19 - Burial of Edward Bonny [son or brother of Phillip?]<br /><br />1701 June 6 - Burial of Annie a child [father unknown]<br /><br />1702 May 17 - Burial of Mary Bonny [likely 1st dau. Mary of Phillip & Ann, ch. 1698]<br /><br />1704 Nov 12 - Phillip & Ann christen child Mary [married Sir Simon Clarke & d. 1762]<br /><br />1710 April 6 - Phillip & Ann christen child John <br /><br />1713 April 5 - Burial of Ann, a child <br /><br />1714 Sep 1 - Burial of Mary, a child [child of another Bonny?]<br /><br />1714 Nov 16 - Burial of James, a child<br /><br />1718 Aug 19 - Phillip & Ann christen unnamed son [John? Thomas? or William?]<br /><br />1726 June 30 - Burial of Sarah Bonny<br /><br />1732 Oct 16 - Burial of John Bonny [son of Phillip & Mary, ch. 1710?]<br /><br />1733 Dec 29 - Burial of Ann Bonny [who is this? next man buried was from "gaol" - coincidence?]<br /><br />1736 Jan 14 - Burial of William Bonny Mul. [mix of European with African]<br /><br />1748 March 15 - Phillip & Ann Bonny {man & wife buried in one coffin} [appar. died the same day]<br /><br />1748 April 22 - Burial of Thomas Bonny<br /><br />1748 April 27 - Burial of Charity Bonny free child [presumed of African ancestry]</p><p>---------updated 2/21/21----------------------------<br /></p><p>Vere Parish shows numerous Read/Reed/Reids, but only one baptism for Bonny: </p><p>"Bonny - Mary, Dr.[daughter] of Willm. & Thoma... born Jan 7th. bapts. April 4th 1707"</p><p>Note: the family of Gordon Bonny cannot be fully explored as the Anglican Church records from St. John's Parish - like most remote Jamaican parishes - did not begin until later - in this case, 1751. <br /></p><p>--------------------------------------------------------- <br /></p><p></p><p>There were more records already researched from the Register General's Department there:</p><p>WILL OF EDWARD CLARKE<br /><br />PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE: PROB 11/1024<br />Will proved: 6th December 1777<br />Date within document: 3rd August 1773<br /><br />Persons Mentioned, Places Mentioned<br /><br />Edward Clarke [planter] [testator], Hyde Plantation, Trelawny, Jamaica<br />Thomas Worth [godson] & son of Thomas Worth Chief Justice of Jamaica, Mount Pleasant St John, Middlesex in Jamaica [home of William Bonny]<br />Robert Cooper of London [friend], Hyde Cheshire, England [home of George Clarke]<br />The Governors of the College of the province of New York, Swanswick plantation in St James, Jamaica<br />Mary Clarke [daughter], Land in the province of New York, America owned by Edward Clarke<br />Anne Clarke [daughter]<br /><span style="color: #660000;">Mary Bonny</span> [Anne, Edward & Penelope Clarke's mother]<br /><span style="color: #660000;">William Bonny</span> [<span style="color: #660000;">Mary Bonny's father</span>]<br />Penelope Clarke [daughter]<br />Edward Clarke<br />George Clarke [brother]<br />William Innes of London [Merchant & friend]<br />Edward Clarke [grandson & son of George Hyde Clarke]<br />George Hyde Clarke [son]<br />Samuel Williams Haughton [son in law]<br />Helen Camberbarh[?] [daughter in law]<br />Elizabeth Cork [Sister]<br />Mathew & Letitia Cork [nephew & niece]<br />Ballard Beckford [nephew]<br />Susanna Beckford [daughter of Ballard Beckford]<br /><br />Precis:-<br /><br />This is the will of Edward Clarke who appears to have owned Hyde Plantation in Trelawny at the time of his death in 1777 and lands in the province of New York State. He appears to have had a brother, George, living in Hyde, Cheshire in England and various children whose mother was Mary Bonny also a grandson, Edward, son of his son Edward Hyde Clarke... [the will goes on interminably long, so I'll stop it here.]</p><p><br /></p><p>Also, INDEX TO DEED BOOKS - JAMAICA 1669-1797 showed James-Bonny transactions for Phillip Bonny (who's wife was Ann):<br /><br />Phillip Bonny Sold land in 1715 to Henry James - Vol. 54, f.92<br />Phillip Bonny Sold land in 1727 to Henry James - Vol. 76, f.19<br /><br />And, "Jamaican Landowners in 1754" show:<br /><br />Bonny, Philip, St. Catherine 533, St. John 194, Total 727 [acres]<br />Bonny, Gordon, St. John, 200 [acres]</p><p> </p><p>Phillip Bonny was the most well-known Bonny of Jamaica, having been officially appointed to government positions there - why he appears in the capital city, no doubt - as per <i>Calendar of State Papers</i>:</p><p>September 1703, 11-20<br /><br />Sept. 15th - Writ of election and return for the parish of St. Katherine's read. It was resolved that Noah Delauney* was duly elected a Representative in the room of Henry Brabant, who was expelled the House. Ordered that the writ and return be entered in the Minutes of this House. The return is signed by Jno. Hickman, Provost Marshall, Henry Willis, John Hanson, Beaumont Pestell, Wm. Parker, John Palmer, Edward Rowland, Geo. Fletcher, Tho. Powell, Richd. Bradford, John Morris, <span style="color: #660000;">Phillip Bonny</span>, John Ellis, senr., John Ellis, Matt. Gregory, Robt. Nedham, Wm. Nedham, Tho. Flower, Richd. Masters, Bartho. Fant, Tho. Mercer, Arthur Sparke, John Bancks. [C.O. 140, 7. pp. 107–112.]</p><p>*"Noah Delauney" or Noah Delanmey or Delanney was a probable godfather of one of Edward and Lucretia Thache's children in 1704. </p><p> </p><p>Phillip, who owned 727 acres and plantations in at least two parishes, also earned a place in the MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS JAMAICA - PARISH OF HANOVER.<br />ST. LUCEA CHURCH AND CHURCHYARD.<br /><br />Page 329<br /><br />IN THIS CHURCH IS DEPOSITED THE MORTAL PART OF SIR SIMON CLARKE BART., WHO WAS BORN IN THIS ISLAND, A.D. 1727, AND DIED ON THE 2d OF NOVEMBER, 1777, HAVING THAT DAY COMPLETED HIS 50th YEAR.<br /><br />M. M. Sculptured by Flaxman.<br /><br />(The remainder of the inscription is a general character of the deceased.)<br /><br />Sir SIMON was 7th Baronet; lie married Anne Haughton.* He was the eldest of six children of Sir Simon, 6th Baronet, by his wife <span style="color: #660000;">Mary, daughter of Philip Bonny, of Jamaica</span>. Philip Clarke, a younger son of the 3rd Baronet of that name and family, held the office of Patent Clerk of the Crown, in Jamaica, in 1722. The 5th Bart. was an officer in the Navy, in 1730, but was transported to Jamaica, for a highway robbery committed by him and another man, near Winchester, and died in the former island, without issue, in 1736, whereupon the eldest son of Philip, Clerk of the Crown, above mentioned, succeeded to the Baronetcy.<br /></p><p><br /></p><p>These records show a definite family group with a government official Phillip and Ann as the parents and multiple children, having arrived in the island at the beginning of the 18th century (Like Edward and his first wife Elizabeth Thache, Phillip & Mary were not born or married on Jamaica - so, probably in England or another island). Phillip could have had brothers Edward and Gordon (living in St. John's Parish), too. </p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIHCYnCC6Ff4BFYs83nfD9RDXo-WRwTgOcs-NApTmxVC2O06aJoKi2WzezVQvMpTa0TrrALjwTh25kLjKHNx8ur06uhzmvrQjBwcv6RSdUsg4Lvuo2pEORvJ5zsI6g3AqPDOT-/s630/Ann+Bonny+death+dec+29+1733+St+Cath+jamaica.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="630" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIHCYnCC6Ff4BFYs83nfD9RDXo-WRwTgOcs-NApTmxVC2O06aJoKi2WzezVQvMpTa0TrrALjwTh25kLjKHNx8ur06uhzmvrQjBwcv6RSdUsg4Lvuo2pEORvJ5zsI6g3AqPDOT-/s320/Ann+Bonny+death+dec+29+1733+St+Cath+jamaica.PNG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1733 burial record for Ann Bonny in St. Catherine's Parish, Jamaica<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br />It is at least as possible that Anne Bonny could be from this family - and perhaps maybe why she was spared the hangman's noose - well, for that reason as well as pregnancy. The Anglican Church burial record for "Ann Bonny" on December 29th, 1733 may show an Ann not immediately related to Phillip and his wife Ann herself, but may be a daughter of the Edward mentioned as dying there in 1700 or perhaps a daughter of Gordon in St. John's Parish, or William in Vere Parish, and both may be related to Phillip. She might very well have shacked up with some Fulford guy on New Providence Island while hoping for massive riches of her own. The family and the Jamaican Anglican authorities never recognized the marriage and simply recorded her with her family as "Ann Bonny!" John, William, Thomas, or Charity - only one male of whom is Phillip and Ann's - could be her child.</p><p>David Fictum in <a href="https://csphistorical.com/">"Colonies, Ships, and Pirates: Concerning History in the Atlantic World, 1680-1740"</a> writes "A record of burials in St. Catherine, Jamaica, notes the death and burial of a Mary Read on April 28, 1721." Yes. And, there a lot of Reid, Reed, Read family names in Jamaica - quite a few in St. Catherine's Parish. Two "Mary Reed"s were christened in St. Catherine's in the mid 1680s and another slightly older in St. Andrews. It may be that she's also from Jamaica. Note that the infamous female pirate's entry reads "pirate" immediately after her name, leaving little doubt who she was! Time to erase the "unknown" added to most of her times of death in secondary sources!<br /></p><p>Just down the page, noted for June 28th, also shows "A Pirate from the prison." </p><p>That Anne Bonny escaped the gallows seems unusual at best. But, perhaps not if she had family there in the capital town - especially a government official - her freedom may have been purchased... or at least a sentence reduced. I should also note that it was rare for a pirate to be buried in Christian fashion and noted in an Anglican burial record. Their bodies were usually left hanging in a gibbet for the birds to peck on - like Rackham himself - or on a beach below the low water mark, so as to eternally damn their souls to hell! <br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw6xRw1zFK9J5TugwzCxHOSWv6pjs_L-fFRVk8OnL1qopqVzh6PrZ2xiuLZC95XTWyou-5fnk-vZBFXYJZnXN5i3kQ6ajpZ9ei3njfgcOtEduHnlT8jouaN7I00SeF6Xz4atM0/s547/Mary+Read+pirate.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="174" data-original-width="547" height="127" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw6xRw1zFK9J5TugwzCxHOSWv6pjs_L-fFRVk8OnL1qopqVzh6PrZ2xiuLZC95XTWyou-5fnk-vZBFXYJZnXN5i3kQ6ajpZ9ei3njfgcOtEduHnlT8jouaN7I00SeF6Xz4atM0/w400-h127/Mary+Read+pirate.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Catherine's Parish Burial Records, April 28, 1721 for "Mary Read pirate" - note that the incidental "pirate" part should not appear in the digitized transcriptions or finding aid on the genealogical website, but only by viewing the actual record itself. <br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>I can say that Fulford is not a name found on Jamaica - but, it is on nearby Barbados and early in North Carolina's Bath Town - and there were men from every part of the Atlantic World in Nassau, New Providence - a small backwater shanty town seething with masses of greedy mariners at the time! <br /></p><p><br /></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-67838402087455828882020-11-18T12:42:00.003-08:002020-11-18T12:42:27.426-08:00Review: Quest for Blackbeard<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheONdHFbJHgLU3PtncHgsE6gKDJw6qfXTHWzVs1mpX5yZaiPfjjJOiPxNAN4cyGDJ6KWAd2ll6FwKP2PUfhFnqbhLiGHkR04qzi7VuwrtsHHFn3FaVxAfSfhdizK0wP_Q9-TE3/s792/quest+2nd+epub+cover+proposed.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="612" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheONdHFbJHgLU3PtncHgsE6gKDJw6qfXTHWzVs1mpX5yZaiPfjjJOiPxNAN4cyGDJ6KWAd2ll6FwKP2PUfhFnqbhLiGHkR04qzi7VuwrtsHHFn3FaVxAfSfhdizK0wP_Q9-TE3/s320/quest+2nd+epub+cover+proposed.png" /></a></div><p></p><p>Review of original 2016 edition...</p><p>Now updated and expanded.. and affordable e-book edition!<br /></p><p><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql rrkovp55 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v knj5qynh oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"></span></p><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: large;">A truly groundbreaking Book!</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: large;">By Mark Martinez on July 16, 2017</span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Baylus C. Brooks' Quest for Blackbeard I believe will help to usher in a sea change in the field of piracy in the 18th century West Indies. A highly sourced and entirely readable work, Quest presents a much needed critique of Captain Charles Johnson's 1724 book "A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates" which has served as the principal source used by researchers since the time of its writing in defining the character and exploits of the famous pirate.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Brooks helps to reinforce the emerging theory among researchers that the Captain Johnson who wrote "A General History" was actually the 18th-century Jacobite printer and journalist, Nathaniel Mist. Mist's reputation is best understood by examining his "Weekly Journal" which was the most vocal and extreme resistance newspaper to emerge in opposition to the Hanoverian Whig takeover of the British parliament in 1715. Brooks explains how Mist, under the Johnson pseudonym, wrote "a General History" largely as an exploitation and/or propaganda narrative designed to appeal to the unique political sensibilities of his readers. As such, it has been wrong for researchers to use it blindly, as it has been, to define who Blackbeard was and how he should be understood in history.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">In this regard, Brooks has done groundbreaking work in uncovering the true origins of Blackbeard. Unlike the image painted by Mist of a vulgar and brutal monster of low birth, Brooks has discovered through records he has brought to light found in St Catherine's Parish registries of Jamaica and Jamaican deed books as well as through genealogies compiled from wills kept by the Prerogative Court of Canterbury in England that Blackbeard, whose given name was Edward Thache, was actually from a minor aristocratic family who was not far removed from high level players in the political circles of his time - principally among them, the Lechmeres of Hanley Castle in Worcestershire who supported the 1st Whig Junto and who were, through marriage, connected to the Winthrops of Connecticut. Brooks has discovered that Thache began his career, surprisingly, as a well-respected mariner serving in the British Royal Navy aboard the HMS Windsor.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Put simply, Brooks has made a compelling case that Thache was perhaps more privateer than pirate, at least in his early days, with sympathies more aligned with the ousted Stewarts than with the ascendant Hanovers. These alignments appear to have led him onto the wrong side of history. It can be argued that he may have gotten caught in his own emerging reputation fostered by his own press along with the unstable politics of his age, a combination that led him into an outlaw career that he perhaps couldn't escape.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">In all respects, Quest is a groundbreaking book. It offers much food for thought no matter what opinions the reader holds on the subject and, at a minimum, presents much newly discovered source material that makes the light of day for the first time in this work. These documents, by themselves, make the book worth purchasing. The well-conceived conclusions Brooks draws makes it invaluable. In all respects Quest for Blackbeard is well worth the read for all who are interested in the subject.</div></div><p></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-67417967088193023382020-11-01T21:51:00.006-08:002020-11-09T08:01:16.722-08:00Carpenter's Bay and the Mystery Tomb of Mauritius<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIMkNdAF24ang9P26nhtMiw_-IpOYLnP047RaglJ6vlLfR8Iwlf4oS6sJojitUfBTmAKzWCkdkof-oHjutJizseC183-GZQmeiydrjC5ldIYkNO_JRyCUHP-Sl2_PnfL2cMraK/s766/John+Thornton+Map+1707+NW+Port+Mauritius.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="568" data-original-width="766" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIMkNdAF24ang9P26nhtMiw_-IpOYLnP047RaglJ6vlLfR8Iwlf4oS6sJojitUfBTmAKzWCkdkof-oHjutJizseC183-GZQmeiydrjC5ldIYkNO_JRyCUHP-Sl2_PnfL2cMraK/w400-h296/John+Thornton+Map+1707+NW+Port+Mauritius.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Northwest
Port and Tombeau, Brow’s, or Peter Butts Bay from “A chart of the Island of Mauritius”
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<![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>In writing <a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/baylus-c-brooks/sailing-east-west-indian-pirates-in-madagascar/ebook/product-1dz9ny2w.html"><i>Sailing East: West-Indian Pirates in Madagascar</i></a>, a reference came up often about a tomb on the shores of the East-Indian island of Mauritius at a place called "Brown's Bay" or "Carpenter's Bay." This tomb became the apparent reason for the changing of the name of that bay to "Bay of Tombs" or "Baie de Tombeau" in French. This tomb also was so large, that it was visible for miles and often used as a navigational aid by ship's masters:</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8UQye7c0UHCtG5b9WicxrqHPT-q4zltUeZ_3srS9mhyphenhyphen5gLl8o-V8glgoRwo4nyiST5Hz3nZ5VYyg8GqbYt8kQaTw8U3pS2aStzwKMDutcTiQewlLTf-4QyBv1IXQLF_x-bkd/s1255/Salisbury+log+-+28-30+March+1722+at+Mauritius.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="729" data-original-width="1255" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8UQye7c0UHCtG5b9WicxrqHPT-q4zltUeZ_3srS9mhyphenhyphen5gLl8o-V8glgoRwo4nyiST5Hz3nZ5VYyg8GqbYt8kQaTw8U3pS2aStzwKMDutcTiQewlLTf-4QyBv1IXQLF_x-bkd/w400-h233/Salisbury+log+-+28-30+March+1722+at+Mauritius.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HMS <i>Salisbury </i>log - 28-30 March 1722 at Mauritius<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>The tomb was used by pirates to scribble a message in charcoal for probably Capt. James Macrae, former commander of the East-Indiaman <i>Cassandra</i>, whom the pirates believed was chasing them. Earlier, the pirates had taken this vessel from him.. an important man who would soon be president at Fort Madras. Thing is... Commodore Thomas Matthews thought the message had been written for him by these same pirates as he sailed for Madagascar from Bombay to find them. </p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz3N7vojQgGUnVXTq4D7ed1l-QzxqNYTHvlQaDl_w-liBUI322poktxB-uJpNmJ_37m3EAEg02CQjpix5phOkEBGFj1fGQcOqECEiHzE7kYC_inzG3v5fbzoGDsDVf2KjMQhDm/s1098/Baie+de+tombeau+mauritius+carpenters+tomb.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="561" data-original-width="1098" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz3N7vojQgGUnVXTq4D7ed1l-QzxqNYTHvlQaDl_w-liBUI322poktxB-uJpNmJ_37m3EAEg02CQjpix5phOkEBGFj1fGQcOqECEiHzE7kYC_inzG3v5fbzoGDsDVf2KjMQhDm/w400-h204/Baie+de+tombeau+mauritius+carpenters+tomb.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1765
Jacques N. Bellin Map</span></p>
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<![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p>So, more than one level of confusion existed over this tomb and its message! <br /></p><p>One such quandary concerned whose tomb this was and when they were buried, and under what conditions. My investigations revealed more than one possible answer. </p><p>Part of <a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/baylus-c-brooks/sailing-east-west-indian-pirates-in-madagascar/ebook/product-1dz9ny2w.html"><i>Sailing East: West-Indian Pirates in Madagascar</i></a>, Chapter Six reads:<br /></p><p></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Comm. Mathews Again <br />Visits Madagascar</span><br /></p><p>After witnessing Gov. Boone’s retirement and the succession of John Pitts as governor of Bombay for the EIC, and after removing Sir Robert Johnson as captain of HMS Exeter for violating orders, the fleet departed Bombay in February 1722 – Exeter, then under Capt. Samuel Braithwaite. They followed the Indian west coast or Malabar in the south. They were bound for Madagascar and, so then branched west and made for Mauritius, as Downing wrote:</p><p></p><blockquote>In February 1721-2 we left the Coast of Malabar, and took our Departure from Cape Commeron [Comorin] in the Latitude of 7 Deg. 10. M. Northerly, and shaped our Course for the Island of Moroslas [Mauritius], but made no Stay there; tho' we here found writ on Capt. Carpenter's Tomb with a Piece of Charcoal, [“]We were here in the Cassandra and Victory [not <i>Defense</i>; This was written when the pirates repaired Victory Feb-April 1721, not 1722], expecting your Coming; we left this Place on the 28th of February [confusing; if 1721, they arrived about that date – had they left this message for Macrae when they arrived?], and are now on our Voyage for Port Dolphin [Dauphin], on the Island of Madagascar.[“ Was this another misdirection intended for Macrae?] </blockquote><p>The Commodore and his men, however, almost missed the pirates’ message, which appears to have been written instead for James Macrae, who the pirates believed followed behind them as they sailed south from the Malabar Coast. As Lion’s log recorded, the fleet made sail on 15 March for Bourbon, “where some of our People disposed of several Casks of Arrack, and Madera Wine, &c. for very good Profit.”<br /><br />The fleet then left Bourbon for Madagascar. Lion’s log told, however, that weather alternated for weeks between fair, rainy, and contrary winds – Lion, Exeter, and Salisbury made little headway. There came a strong lightning storm thirty miles northwest of Round Island, a small island about fourteen miles north of Mauritius. The storm separated Lion from her consorts and split her mizzen topsail “from head to foot.”<br /> <br />Blown six leagues back southeast, Lion’s crew made sight of Round Island four leagues away. They knew they were close to Mauritius and decided at nightfall to return to that destination for resupply and to make repairs. The next afternoon, 28 March at 3 pm, Lion anchored in the northwest harbor of Mauritius, likely where the pirates had made their repairs to Victory the year before. Salisbury and Exeter had landed there as well. On 29 March, the fleet made for the next bay north, or Carpenter’s Bay [“Brown’s Bay,” “Pieter Both Bay,” “Peter Butts Bay,” “Baye de Tombeau,” or “Bay of Tombs”], to “wood and water.”<br /><br />This bay was apparently where they found the message written on Capt. Carpenter’s tomb by the pirates – perhaps a large white marble tomb erected during the Dutch occupation period (until 1710) – which the Navy men believed was a taunt written for their benefit, not Macrae’s, urging them to find the pirates who took Cassansdra at Port Dauphin. As HMS Salisbury’s log makes clear, Carpenter’s tomb was large and obvious enough so as to function as a navigational feature, seen from aboard ship. Salisbury’s log mentions “wee finde here 2 french Ships that brought people to Settle this place” to join with an unknown number of English pirates already there, probably in the former dwellings of the previous Dutch residents. Lion and Salisbury mounted forty and thirty-six guns. Mathews informed the Admiralty that they brought twelve shore guns, but were “in a very bad condition, and no way provided with Men sufficient, or Provisions, or, indeed, with any necessaries to preserve them from the attempts of the Pirates.” After nearly a week at Mauritius, the fleet resupplied and weighed anchor on 4 April to resume her voyage, now for Port Dauphin, following the misunderstood message of the pirates, to find them at Madagascar, not at Île Saint-Marie, but at the location to which they hoped to misdirect Macrae.* <br /><br /><br /></p><p>------------------------------------<br /></p><p></p><p></p><p>* The investigations revealed:</p><p>“The Manuscripts of P. Edward Tillard, Esq., of the Holme, Godmanchester,” Fifteenth Report, Appendix, Part X (London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1899), 79; Cemetery location and fauna detail from the observations of William Tillard, 17 May 1699 at Carpenter’s Bay, Mauritius: “There is verry good fresh water about half-a-mile up ye river from Carpenters bay w[h]ere we lay with our ship, so yt we made 3 turns with fresh water every day, & yt with ease. There is a tomb built at ye entrance of ye river [Terre Rouge or Rivière du Tombeau], a little way from ye shore, where lyes one Welden [Tillard assumed this to be George; will prob. 11 March 1698 - PROB 11/444/239; “Will of George
Weldon, Merchant of the East Indies bound on Ship Benjamin“], who died on this Isld abt 2 yrs since, returning home in ye Benja [British hired storeship of 450 tons – captain John Brown] from Bombay.</p><p>I looked at the will of George Weldon, but found nothing to indicate his date of date, just the probate of his will on 11 March 1698, which did mean that he died before this date, and while on <i>Benjamin</i>, so it worked. <br /></p><p>But, Weldon was not the only person suggested to be buried in that tomb: <br /></p><p>Another reference made in 1709 by Jean de la Roque (1661-1745) in <i>A voyage to Arabia Felix through the Eastern Ocean and the streights of the Red-Sea, being the first made by the French in the years 1708, 1709 and, 1710</i>…, page 151, states "As we drew near the Sea Shore, we found by the side of a little Torrent, a very handsome Tomb of Freestone, cover’d with a Marble [table or tablet], with an Inscription, which gave us to understand, that it was the Tomb of the wife of a Dutch General who dy’d in this Island going to the Indies;” </p><p>De la Roque gave a wonderful description of the tomb and why it was so obvious from ships off shore. And, his reasoning was close - at least it involved a woman! Still, de la Roque apparently couldn't tell the difference between English and Dutch! Thus, he also missed, as the woman buried here was the widow of a British East India Company official... <br /></p><p>The actual journal of <i>Benjamin</i> shows that “Lady Susannah Child” had died 26 March 1697 and was buried on the shore of Mauritius and that Capt. John Brown fired 20 guns in her honor:</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguuki1UhyphenhyphenJ7ImhT-X8_vpLJEBKJKdbj7cz-fl2qyHz2gPDqX-KDkmkecHsQzhJKw4p-lHMaA2Ep4S7AuceyeHyICJSuboJZfZ-Z80ld5gUkb_PTDIL4SpPzJyVGEE0oLb4KL3T/s998/Lady+Susanna+Child+death+26+March+1697+malthias.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="760" data-original-width="998" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguuki1UhyphenhyphenJ7ImhT-X8_vpLJEBKJKdbj7cz-fl2qyHz2gPDqX-KDkmkecHsQzhJKw4p-lHMaA2Ep4S7AuceyeHyICJSuboJZfZ-Z80ld5gUkb_PTDIL4SpPzJyVGEE0oLb4KL3T/w400-h305/Lady+Susanna+Child+death+26+March+1697+malthias.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Journal entry from 26 March 1697<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaM55JIbwyEZHyTfW_kYH5Y1d172Ofpyww2YEiGcGvyk6g3Vjeq_8uyfmf5LYXPcJ9mOG3Z4El6Aq-HEAgn65XTAjFDDL2FezP7Y2w00lXVtofR7UHNhZGrWB-APN9K2iIp_RI/s470/Lady+susannah+child.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="382" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaM55JIbwyEZHyTfW_kYH5Y1d172Ofpyww2YEiGcGvyk6g3Vjeq_8uyfmf5LYXPcJ9mOG3Z4El6Aq-HEAgn65XTAjFDDL2FezP7Y2w00lXVtofR7UHNhZGrWB-APN9K2iIp_RI/w260-h320/Lady+susannah+child.PNG" title="Lady Susannah Child" width="260" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Portrait Of A Lady, Said To Be Lady Susannah Child" oil on Canvas, by Maria Verelst.<br />Lady Susannah Child was the wife of Sir John Child, who was deputy Governor of Bombay from 1679-1681 and President of Surat from 1682 until his death in 1690.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>The <a href="https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=29058">storeship Benjamin</a> was listed as: 450/468 tons, 30 guns, 90/93 crew.</p><p>Voyages:<br /><br />(1) 1688/9 St Helena, Bombay and Sumatra. Capt Leonard Browne. Downs 7 May 1689 - 19 Jul Madeira 8 Aug - 6 Jan 1690 St Helena - 28 May Bombay 26 Sep - 8 Oct Surat - Jul 1691 Acheh - Oct Malacca - 29 Jan 1692 Acheh - 26 Apr Onore - 10 May Karwar 23 Sep - Goa - 16 Oct Surat 14 Feb 1693 - 16 May Cape 2 Jun - 18 Sep Ascension - 31 Oct Plymouth.<br /><br />(2) 1693/4 Surat. Capt John Brown. 22 Jul 1694 - 13 Oct São Tiago - 1 Mar 1695 Moheli - Bombay 16 Sep 1696 - 11 Nov Bandar Abbas - 17 Dec Bombay - 10 Jan 1697 Karwar - Bombay 18 Feb - 22 May Mauritius - Cape 5 Aug - 30 Sep St Helena - 27 Jan 1698 Margate.<br /><br />(3) 1698/9 Madras. Capt John Brown. Downs 29 Oct 1698 - 20 Dec Cadiz - 2 Mar 1699 Cape - 2 Jun Fort St David - 4 Jun Madras - 24 Jul Fort St David - 1 Aug Pondicherry - 4 Aug Madras - 26 Aug Masulipatam - 30 Aug Vizagapatam - 16 Sep Balasore - 25 Dec Vizagapatam - 30 Jan 1700 Masulipatam - 3 Feb Madras - 17 Jun St Helena - 27 Sep Downs.<br /></p><p><br /></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-22012288742041537842020-10-15T10:09:00.007-07:002020-10-16T14:26:19.164-07:00La Buse: Mutiny on Le Postillon, 3 June 1715<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNR0ePPATTpi6Z-ssTSGXgm5O1xo_RC_WC1ZwOwgOG3bI83mwH-6tw6kFX6iGPLoapUSqLJCBNvj0K652un-_FDy5vwYWqdI9zCxcaicDEvTEoctqQe2YffwTqZmp_BzaLnLIO/s1084/St+Louis+Saint+Domingue+3+Jun+1715+La+Buse.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1084" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNR0ePPATTpi6Z-ssTSGXgm5O1xo_RC_WC1ZwOwgOG3bI83mwH-6tw6kFX6iGPLoapUSqLJCBNvj0K652un-_FDy5vwYWqdI9zCxcaicDEvTEoctqQe2YffwTqZmp_BzaLnLIO/w400-h231/St+Louis+Saint+Domingue+3+Jun+1715+La+Buse.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early events in the Golden Age of Piracy at Saint Domingue<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Excerpt from <i>Le capitaine La Buse: L'âge d'or de la piraterie</i> (2018) by Jacques Gasser:</span><p></p><p></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Olivier Le Vasseur, called "La Buse" and ten other mutineers left Fort Saint Louis on the south coast
of Saint Domingue (French colony on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola from 1659 to 1804, or modern Haiti) aboard a large vessel under Capt. La Lande de Rochefort on June 3, 1715. They took it from that captain as they passed the Isle de la Vache that afternoon and became pirates. One official later stated that this vessel named <i>Le
Postillon</i> is an "excellent sailor that was ideally suited to its black designs." <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In a letter dated 14 June 1715, Mr. Barthomier, the king's lieutenant at Fort
Saint Louis, recounts La Buse’s escape in great detail:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">I have the honour to inform Your Lordship that
Mr. Devaux, director for the affairs of the Royal Company of Santo Domingo in
St. Louis, having purchased on behalf of the company about five months ago a
large boat named Le Postillon, </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">the said boat was
kidnapped by the crew of eleven men who went pirates.</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">This happened on the 3rd of June at three o'clock in the afternoon when
the said boat having left the port of Saint Louis at about one o'clock in the
afternoon where it had been loaded with three complete sugar crews consisting
of a copper boiler and loot and some other effects.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hardly then,
Monseigneur, the said boat was out of sight of the fort that these eleven men
revolted against their captain named La Lande de Rochefort having all taken the
weapons they had hidden in the hold and deliberated strongly a long time if
they would kill him and the pilot who refused to be with them. But they made
up their minds to lock them both up with another male passenger in a room, and
when they found themselves strong off Isle à Vache about eight leagues from
here, they boarded them the next morning in a small canoe [periagua] that
belonged to a poor man who was in the back of the boat; which man took
advantage of this opportunity to return to the Isle à Vache from where he had
come two days ago. These pirates also sent back along with the others t</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">his captain and
this pilot, [and] instead of coming straight to the fort to warn, [they] went
to the safety of </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Isle à Vache</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">saying that the
sea was too rough to go to the fort's side. So that I was not informed until
June 5 at 9 a.m. [such] that these pirates must be far away and that Monsieur de La
Rigaudière who arrived at this port on May 30 with two frigates of the Company
and I did not feel that it was worth time to go after [them], both for the time that
this vessel had in advance [a head start] and because it is one of the best
sailing boats in the sea and furthermore we had not yet begun to unload the
cargoes of these two [company] ships. Nevertheless, I sent people by land on
the coves and at Cape Tiburon to see if this vessel [<i>Le Postillon</i>] would
not go on these sides but we did not see or hear it and following all
appearances it had taken off and set sail for the coast of Spain (Mainland
America) and get to Bocator which is a place where pirates retreat. This pirate
ship [<i>Le Postillon</i>] has four mounted guns and has about ten to twelve
pounds of gunpowder.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">I have given notice of the theft of this vessel to Mr. [Archibald] Hamilton
Governor of Jamaica and to the Governor of Curacao on occasions I found in
those days.*</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.3in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">*A.N. Colonies C9 B2 . Lettre du sieur Barthomier, du fort Saint Louis le 14 juin 1715. <br /></span></span></span></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-88190779508195233562020-09-25T14:22:00.005-07:002020-09-26T10:37:33.497-07:00Dumas to Maurepas: The Order to Execute La Buse - 1730<p> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDvgNSQ6b2rXQRWqG5PzH2TUNYU73pt79G7dLZkrvF6NSaUYbP49w5YM7ZIGeBDwAZbEL7stgF-oNRp_YnE7oA5s4LZ8zBKOBLFWJ7Spdp8AHEGWu_zrsk6GH12Q7OSE56CmjM/s2048/FRANOM_COL_C3_5_001.Jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDvgNSQ6b2rXQRWqG5PzH2TUNYU73pt79G7dLZkrvF6NSaUYbP49w5YM7ZIGeBDwAZbEL7stgF-oNRp_YnE7oA5s4LZ8zBKOBLFWJ7Spdp8AHEGWu_zrsk6GH12Q7OSE56CmjM/w300-h400/FRANOM_COL_C3_5_001.Jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FR-ANOM COL C3/5/002 ff. 120</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p> </p><p>----------------------------------------------------------------------------- <br /></p><p>[Attached:]<br />Sent to France in 1770<br />Bales of Coffee, harvested in Bourbon [no pirate mentioned here?]<br /><br />-----<br /><br />Notice to the arrest or force of pirate Olivier Le Vasseur or La Buse, our Mr. D'Hermitte.<br />They had read, the condemnation to his execution.<br /></p><p>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p><br />[Document: FR-ANOM COL C3/5/002 ff. 120-121]<br />Monseigr. The Count of Maurepas<br /><br />Mr. Dumas<br />L'isle de Bourbon this December 20, 1730 [J: 9 Dec 1730]*<br /><br />My lord<br /><br />This year we are shipping the vessel <i>La Meduse</i> commanded by Sr. D'Hermitte fully responsible for the 770 bales of coffee amounting to 3166 [.] 00[lt: livre] from the region of this Isle [Bourbon]; and we still have a considerable part of it in the store which has not been taken on board.<br /><br />Sr. D'Hermitte in the last trip he made to Madagascar, having arrested and caught him there <span style="color: #990000;">[ca. April 1730]</span> named Olivier Le Vasseur known as La Buze, famous pirate captain, his procedure was made at the request of the Attorney General, and he was condemned by order of council of July 17, In.<span style="color: #990000;">[instant?: 1730; this was the date of his condemnation and order of execution - still he was hanged on 7 July - might be a typo on the original document with an added "1" and repeated - see next doc]</span></p><p><span style="color: #990000;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho_8eXj7za8lHPhqP958SRjC6Tee20ix50r6zxz0_wwQzFrrT9VkeBCn-Z1YivvSlNYeySLNO3hgURBR3XnVaKmM9SEU0JvSM6mI6ZnBbYSTlYOJU4rzTipu-VSYzvmGOucoWT/s955/la+buse+1730.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="179" data-original-width="955" height="75" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho_8eXj7za8lHPhqP958SRjC6Tee20ix50r6zxz0_wwQzFrrT9VkeBCn-Z1YivvSlNYeySLNO3hgURBR3XnVaKmM9SEU0JvSM6mI6ZnBbYSTlYOJU4rzTipu-VSYzvmGOucoWT/w400-h75/la+buse+1730.PNG" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p>This man made in 1721 in harbor of this Isle <span style="color: #990000;">[Bourbon]</span> two captures one of a vessel of King of Portugal <span style="color: #990000;">[<i>Nossa Senhora do Cabo</i> or <i>Vierge de Cap</i>; then of only 21 guns, but pirates refitted her with 60 guns]</span> of 60 pieces of guns, which he boarded, and the other from a vessel called The Ville d'Ostende <span style="color: #990000;">[<i>City of Ostend</i>]</span> belonging to the Comp. from the same city - he also took and burnt after taking in the same time the vessel of Comp. of France the Duchess of Noailles commanded by Sr. Grâve of St. Malo <span style="color: #990000;">[Platel was former captain; Sr. Robert was then in command when she was destroyed, Grâve was the owner]</span>, this Buze then mounted the pirate ship the Victorious and to have with him another ship named Defense <span style="color: #990000;">[at this time, it was <i>Cassandra</i>; <i>Defense</i> was the new name given to the refitted <i>Nossa Senhora do Cabo</i>; Dumas mixed up his info after 9 years]</span> commanded by an Englishman called Taylor.*<br /><br />Rhubarb <span style="color: #990000;">[an expression or the plant?]</span> is starting to multiply in Isle Bourbon, there are currently more so-called seedlings, I have the honor with deep respect.<br /><br />Mr.<br /><br />Your humble obedient servant<br />Dumas</p><p><span style="color: #990000;">* It should be noted that Pierre Benoist Dumas had not been present for the piratical events in 1721 when </span><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: #990000;"><i>Nossa Senhora do Cabo</i> or <i>Vierge de Cap </i>was captured by LeVasseur <i>et al</i></span>. He arrived on La Bourbon about 1727, replacing Desforges-Boucher, who in turn replaced Beauvollier, who was the governor who originally offered </span><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="color: #990000;">pardons to </span>LeVasseur, Cleyton, Adam Johnson, and their crews in 1724.</span><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>-----------------------------------------------</p><p>From: Archives Colonials – Bourbon, carton 2 – Letter de M. Dumas, 29 December 1730 [J: 18 Dec 1730]; also Mr. Dumas, Governor of Bourbon, to Minister de Maurepas, December 29, 1730, Centre des Archives dOutre Mer, Aix en Provence, Correspondance générale de Bourbon, t. V, 1727-1731. <br /></p><p>According to the deliberation of the Superior Council of Bourbon on 7 July 1730 [J: 26 Jun]:<br /><br />By advice, the criminal proceedings extraordinarily made and instructed at the request and diligence of the Attorney General of the King [illegible] and accusation against Olivier Levasseur nicknamed “La Bouse” accused of the crime of piracy, prisoner in our prisons, defendant in the affirmation made the 26 of March [J: 15 Mar] and 19 of May [J: 8 May] last at the declaration of Sieur d’Hermitte captain of the ship La Méduse, [showing as evidence] the letter of said Levasseur dated March 25, 1724 [J: 14 Mar] addressed to Monsieur Desforges and signed Olivier La Buse, by him recognized and initialed, nor variation.</p><p>[Also offered to the court, the] Letter from the Superior Council to Sieur La Buse for response dated 23 September of the same year granting Amnesty and Surety, [and supported in the] interrogation suffered by the accused on 15 May [J: 4 May] and 20 May 1730 [J: 9 May] and 03 [J: 22 Jun] of this month. First general conclusion of the king of the 04 [July] [J: 23 Jun], [and] preparatory judgment of the same day which orders that it will proceed to the final judgment [to be] awaited [by] the public notoriety.<br />Final conclusion of the Attorney General of the King of the 06 [July; J: 25 Jun], sudden interrogation in the room of the council [illegible] and all considered the council declared and [illegible] the name “Olivier Levasseur dit la Buse,” native of Calais, hard hit of the knowledge of the crime of piracy for several years, for having ordered several pirate ships to be taken and brought to the roadstead of Bourbon Island, a vessel belonging to king of Portugal and another named the City of Ostend belonging to the company of the same city, but equally participated in the capture, plunder, and firing of the vessel La Duchesse de Noailles belonging to the company of France and other [illegible], for repair of which the council condemned him and ordered to make amends in front of the principal door of the church of this parish, naked in a shirt, the rope at his collar, in hand, a torch of two pounds of pitch for there, to say and declare with high and intelligible voice, that For a long time, he was a reckless and reckless man who became a filibuster [pirate] and asked for forgiveness from God, the king and justice. <span style="color: #990000;">[note that there is no mention in <i>any </i>primary source of him throwing a cipher on a large piece of parchment in the crowd - where would an essentially naked man hide one, anyway?]</span><br /></p><p>This sentence will be carried out in a public place to be hanged and strangled until death ensues on a gallows erected for this purpose. (He) will be hanged in the usual place his dead body will remain there 24 hours and then exposed to the waters’ edge… his belongings are confiscated for the benefit of the king, and he must also pay a fine of one hundred pounds for the offense done to “the Lord King.” Done and declared in the council chamber on July 17, 1730 [J: 6 Jul; note this is probably a typo]. Dumas.**</p><p></p><blockquote>*Julian dates are included because French dates were based on the Gregorian calendar and were 11 days later than English who used the Julian.</blockquote><blockquote><p>** This is obviously partly copied into his letter of 20 Dec 1730 to Maurepas. <br /></p></blockquote><br /><br /><p></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-26059135620872168882020-09-25T01:48:00.003-07:002020-10-14T11:06:27.774-07:00The Degradation of La Buse - 30 September 1724<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaLrbime0Yn4bqtjwZn0kLH_MKZuUwDSwGNkXj5aF_5gPlit6zehAFRTPjFjdCiwWeJdwsXrtaLrXMHFAVGHL5JRYQxCvbEijR-irsqWSugxv0uukjPvrvFG5j9I8rt3jbBz72/s830/desforges+boucher+30+sep+1725.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="585" data-original-width="830" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaLrbime0Yn4bqtjwZn0kLH_MKZuUwDSwGNkXj5aF_5gPlit6zehAFRTPjFjdCiwWeJdwsXrtaLrXMHFAVGHL5JRYQxCvbEijR-irsqWSugxv0uukjPvrvFG5j9I8rt3jbBz72/w400-h283/desforges+boucher+30+sep+1725.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ANOM COL C3 4 1-22 - 30 Sep 1724 Desforges Boucher<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">30 September 1724 </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">M. Desforge a Boucher to Louis XV</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Only forty of these unfortunate degraded people without a ship remain on the island of Madagascar, who implore their amnesty unable to support themselves and perish there of misery, although they have a number of diamonds, which are of no use to them for to obtain the necessary for life, not having, moreover, a penny in cash. There were still about sixty there at the beginning of this year, but eighteen or twenty got loose in a boat of about twenty-five tons and came here to ask for their amnesty and that of the others who remained after them in Madagascar. While the greater part of their colleagues were here ashore [~23 Sep 1724 at Saint-Paul, Ile de Bourbon], those remaining on board murdered at ten o'clock in the evening their own captain, named John Cleyton, English, with a pistol shot charged with three bullets fired from behind, and at the touching point the wadding set his shirt on fire. And immediately removed the boat, after nevertheless having thrown into their small canoe, five of them all chopped from the wounds they had received, wanting to avenge their captain. Those wounded as they were fled to the ground, and since then we have not heard of what became of them. Those who were ashore and those who fled have since remained very dependent on the colony, where their diamonds are not common commodities although they do have quite considerable quantities. I sent to France on the Company's ship, the Royal-Philippe, almost all these wretches with their iniquitous booty, willingly shedding such vermin on a colony which had objects more useful to the State<br /><br />[…] Most of it has been slaughtered and poisoned by blacks, or by themselves. These are the most miserable of them who remained on the island, among which is the named La Buse [Olivier LeVasseur de la Buse], who was one of their captains, who after having dispelled or lost the unworthy fruit of his piracy, replied to those who escorted him to take advantage of the impunity offered to him. […] But the rest of the population, through the abuses they committed to procure slaves and women, did not support them with difficulty, taking advantage of the slightest disturbance to eliminate them physically or, more subtly, by poisoning them little by little. small. […] They remain distant from each other without any union. They hold this coast of Ambanivoulle from the 13 ° degree 40 minutes where is the large point which, with reefs, forms a kind of fort called Anglebay, to the river of Manangharre, not far from the bay of Antongil, it is across this coast that the island of Sainte-Marie is situated, which has a good port in a small bay, although a little spoiled by ships sunk with their entire cargo. It is not on this island that the pirates have withdrawn, as it has been believed, but only remain on one of the islets which [lies within] it [Ile aux Forbans or "Pirates Island"]. A mulatto saw there entrenched with palisades where he mounted a few pieces of cannon, as each of these brigands do in particular, who have become inhabitants of these islands, being obliged to be on guard against one another. They undertake to come and stay with them, and to take their defenses, the blacks of the surroundings where they make their establishments. Which are so fond of them that they can hope for some benefit from them, and slaughter and poison them when they can get nothing more from them. However, they keep and highly esteem their mulatto children, who came from the alliance of these pirates with the women of the country. Many are masters of such establishments and have a great deal of authority among the blacks who gladly put them at their head when they go to war. Almost all of these mulattoes, when they found the opportunity, followed in their fathers' footsteps and raced [pirated].<br /><br />Desforges Boucher, Governor of Bourbon. Mail to Louis XV</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaOIjmPALtlsMM3GtjxeOMYwIVsIOeSQUb26Z70REizIE8QnrWLPBGGN6xqqD4XN8PdfWR808RRv3ssuOWCz7Y_PYxf2bteoHjE1Z7zGRr9Xv8qxMVD8muFsxaKBq6EjbhOKId/s1098/Isle+de+Madagascar+18th+cent.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="811" data-original-width="1098" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaOIjmPALtlsMM3GtjxeOMYwIVsIOeSQUb26Z70REizIE8QnrWLPBGGN6xqqD4XN8PdfWR808RRv3ssuOWCz7Y_PYxf2bteoHjE1Z7zGRr9Xv8qxMVD8muFsxaKBq6EjbhOKId/w400-h295/Isle+de+Madagascar+18th+cent.PNG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">----------------------------<br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div><p></p><br />Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-18688386283045819832020-09-22T15:59:00.006-07:002020-09-24T09:34:01.781-07:00The True Story of La Buse's Grave on the Island of La Réunion<p>"La véritable histoire de La Buse" from the Office of Western Tourism, Department of the Island of La Réunion at <a href="https://www.ouest-lareunion.com/La-veritable-histoire-de-la-buse">https://www.ouest-lareunion.com/La-veritable-histoire-de-la-buse</a> :</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1xmsNFbYfDsgtCEE3eTCPcAt7jXXr0KKy-0Ixf7r8TbcHgRtLJHi4FNDsyEgNMZv1xuv7LWA-I1x_-FYrx3NpAXEZ9x0XTnUMFYHFCXzahm0nVMhCcRZgEiNYMKfj4SmwGV5r/s1400/la-veritable-histoire-de-la-buse-974.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="929" data-original-width="1400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1xmsNFbYfDsgtCEE3eTCPcAt7jXXr0KKy-0Ixf7r8TbcHgRtLJHi4FNDsyEgNMZv1xuv7LWA-I1x_-FYrx3NpAXEZ9x0XTnUMFYHFCXzahm0nVMhCcRZgEiNYMKfj4SmwGV5r/s320/la-veritable-histoire-de-la-buse-974.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> March 04, 2020<br /><br />The tomb of La Buse, surmounted by a cross marked with a skull and crossed tibias, it is quite a story ...<br /><br />…. and it is impossible that La Buse could have been buried there [at the <a href="https://www.ouest-lareunion.com/cimetiere-marin-saint-paul" target="_blank"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">marine and slave cemetery of Saint-Paul</span></span></a>], the cemetery having been created long after his death [58 years].<br /><br /> It is the site of a number of popular practices. An affixed plaque tells the story ...<br /><br /> Here is the real story of this "real / fake grave":<br /><br />Convicted of piracy crime, Olivier Levasseur [said to have been born in Calais, France where a baptism was recorded at Pas-de-Calais archives, Notre Dame de Calais church (5 MIR 193/30, <br clear="none" />p.817) for "Olivier, the son of Olivier and Anne Lensse Vasseur" in 1695], nicknamed "La Buse" was executed in Saint-Paul on July 7, 1730 and his body exposed by the sea [see note below]. The exact place of burial remains unknown and the current cemetery was established only in 1788.<p></p><p></p><blockquote>[BCBNote: His body was likely buried in a shallow grave below the high-water mark of the shore. "The Judgement of La Buse," available on Laura Nelson's blog <i>The Whydah Pirates Speak</i>, at <a href="http://petercorneliushoof.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-judgment-of-la-buse.html">http://petercorneliushoof.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-judgment-of-la-buse.html</a> states that the body of La Buse "will be planted at the usual place his dead body remained there 24 hours and then exposed to the edge from the sea." Pirates were usually treated in this careless fashion, their souls or "last rights" to eternity having been forfeited by their unrepentant criminal lives. So, it's highly likely that his actual remains have washed out to sea.]</blockquote><p></p><blockquote>[BCBNote: furthermore, as I argue in <a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/baylus-c-brooks/sailing-east-west-indian-pirates-in-madagascar/paperback/product-1e5vk96w.html" target="_blank"><i>Sailing East: West-Indian Pirates at Madagascar</i></a>, this document and all the writings to and from Dumas, the governor who signed his death warrant, about La Buse state that the <i>former </i>pirate was hung in only a night shirt and could not have hidden a parchment containing any cipher to the location of his treasure - and they also never spoke of any parchment that he supposedly threw out at his hanging - so please stop digging up the beautiful tropical islands of the Indian Ocean looking for it! Dumas and his men took whatever treasure might have been in La Buse's possession in 1730 - Dumas even said so! La Buse's operations on Nosy Mangabe in Antongil Bay were also taken over by the man who captured and took him from there, Capt. Hiacynthe d'Hermitte of <i>La Méduse</i>]</blockquote><p></p>On April 11, 1944, the day after a devastating cyclone and tidal wave, the Saint-Paulois Ignace de Villèle found a stone cross among the devastated walls of the cemetery. Since it bears no indication other than pirate symbols, he moves it here and places it against the enclosure of his family's graves.<p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8_IlZXRM4SwNfy6wUvbBW6sPADX-YdtlqeWanMs6N0Ob7qy-FwEtOGvy-IROoW-l7Ag9egR3IAdWFCMslJrGJO2o62idatKvqPlnE_dg4ZIW81SIlwf4gnP6HZC8EG6ViPJoh/s600/cimetieremarin+-+45.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8_IlZXRM4SwNfy6wUvbBW6sPADX-YdtlqeWanMs6N0Ob7qy-FwEtOGvy-IROoW-l7Ag9egR3IAdWFCMslJrGJO2o62idatKvqPlnE_dg4ZIW81SIlwf4gnP6HZC8EG6ViPJoh/s320/cimetieremarin+-+45.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""> </span></span></p><p><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">It was on this site that in the 1970s that the current funeral monument was erected in memory of La Buse.</span> <span title="">It attracts so many visitors that it has come to be regarded as the real tomb of the character thus contributing to his fame.</span></span><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"></span></p><p><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">Since 2010, it has been discovered that the tombstone used came from an abandoned burial, that of the former slave Delphine Helod.</span> <span title="">Having been freed in 1835 by her masters, the Mallac family, she could have been buried in the cemetery of the whites and the free unlike the pirate in 1730. The stone had been turned over.</span><br /><br /><span title="">Its engraved face still bears this inscription:</span><br /><br /> <span title="">“In memory of Delphine Hélod, born in Sainte-Marie on August 7, 1809, died on May 13, 1836.</span><br /><span title="">His good behavior, his good feelings, his affection for his masters earned him freedom and this weak testimony of their regrets ”</span></span></p>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-83212911659016447832020-06-09T22:09:00.002-07:002020-06-10T22:55:58.184-07:00La Gazette Pirate References - 1717-1719<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh66Mj54vPUUhqqDvfCwIJKi-iuk4_vqr9TOxRPdK2S4YZ8bUqtdcTRebKAYEsnAmpr6iMLr0n0jMMia9FOCBBhm4fVHONNYa-j8f3iDWHSMrPEp_9VZ-xiDgbG3_NJfdU8QZzj/s698/gazette+3+July+1717.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="233" data-original-width="698" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh66Mj54vPUUhqqDvfCwIJKi-iuk4_vqr9TOxRPdK2S4YZ8bUqtdcTRebKAYEsnAmpr6iMLr0n0jMMia9FOCBBhm4fVHONNYa-j8f3iDWHSMrPEp_9VZ-xiDgbG3_NJfdU8QZzj/s320/gazette+3+July+1717.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p.</span> <span title="">323:</span><br /><br /><span title="">From London on June 14, 1717</span><br /><br /><span title="">The Parliament of this country is still extended until August 16.</span> <span title="">We have heard from Jamaica that the Forbans [Pirates] who have taken a lot of the English, in the American Seas, have seized Isle of Providence, in the Gulf of Florida, after having done a lot</span> <span title="">of captures, which caused a great prejudice to the Merchants: & they make new instances to obtain aid from three Vessels of war, in order to increase the squadron which is in these countries.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO_ZfQIpiOBhmZpUOU47tknWmxI7Jxar703JLr247rEgvX6pCxDkHPXKxEpUH_hyaNOa0cLAw7DZK_crVqCf85OdgYH29NxkMz55oDVoK_5T3bUIIpScsJ-KDm-GHvQ86f4heN/s745/gazette+10+July+1717.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="235" data-original-width="745" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO_ZfQIpiOBhmZpUOU47tknWmxI7Jxar703JLr247rEgvX6pCxDkHPXKxEpUH_hyaNOa0cLAw7DZK_crVqCf85OdgYH29NxkMz55oDVoK_5T3bUIIpScsJ-KDm-GHvQ86f4heN/s320/gazette+10+July+1717.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 334:</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">From London, July 1st, 1717</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">According to the last letters of Jamaica, the Forbans [Pirates] continued their piracies;</span> <span title="">& one of their Vessels mounted with forty eight guns, had recently taken five richly loaded English Ships, which caused a great disturbance in commerce.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCWt2wOja4F45vXy0CokJqxu4OCkfLPt51twfrFvMhEUfaZZu44NGu4QwCpz93uIMvUAlTlwgR91Koh6tYX0UorfiXw8bSgRnBJWhHqCvPztRFkL8VOVw-LPZKryRsp_GOa70c/s712/gazette+18+Sep+1717.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="712" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCWt2wOja4F45vXy0CokJqxu4OCkfLPt51twfrFvMhEUfaZZu44NGu4QwCpz93uIMvUAlTlwgR91Koh6tYX0UorfiXw8bSgRnBJWhHqCvPztRFkL8VOVw-LPZKryRsp_GOa70c/s320/gazette+18+Sep+1717.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">p. 454:<br /><br />From London, September 9, 1717</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">... Merchants & others Interested in American Commerce, have obtained a general pardon from Roy [king], for the English Pirates who have done more than a year of damage in the country. This resolution was taken, because we saw that many were ready to accept it, & that it seemed more advantageous to pile in to bring them back by softness, than to use forces as considerable, that it would be necessary to destroy them.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnQU6DOgp45STVKzjzbLSBiRE8PoGwD7-FDH24uAc9Am34b7nYWLhtEhz-9yA4vBQGhIbdy3MkAI8UokKniDsylpI-vVd6ywyRocVViCNJeZAHf_ZZ5YqYiCm6UTOLzRDDIABz/s749/gazette+2+Oct+1717.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="749" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnQU6DOgp45STVKzjzbLSBiRE8PoGwD7-FDH24uAc9Am34b7nYWLhtEhz-9yA4vBQGhIbdy3MkAI8UokKniDsylpI-vVd6ywyRocVViCNJeZAHf_ZZ5YqYiCm6UTOLzRDDIABz/s320/gazette+2+Oct+1717.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">p. 478-479:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">From London there on September 10, 1717.<br /><br />... The Negotiators obtained that the general pardon, which they requested for the Corsairs, who made many [prizes] in America, will be granted to them; & we confirm that Captain Roger, who was made Governor of the Isle of Sapience [Providence?], will wear it, in order to have it published. As this Isle served as their main retreat, it was resolved to make new fortifications there, the Fort which was there being not of great defense, and needing to be repaired. The interested in the commerce of the English Colonies of America, offered to contribute to the greater part of the expense, & to increase the armament which must be employed to oblige these Corsairs to be subjected. This resolution seems all the more necessary, because by a [vessel] recently arrived from America, we received that two of their Vessels: one of forty, the other of thirty-two guns, had taken recently several English vessels & others, on the coasts of Carolina & Virginia, & that they were to join seven or eight others in the Gulf of Florida [possibly a reference to the pirate fleet gathering at Long Island in the lower Bahamas - indicates plans to do so before the taking of La Concorde by Edward Thache].<br />... A ship from Virginia which arrived in Kinsale in Ireland, met on the road a Forban [Pirate] of those who run indifferently on the Vessels of all Nations, who met him on the road, by the crossing of the Grand Bank, where he had made other takes. Several New Dealers have formed an Insurance Company for Merchant Vessels, the bottom of which must be two million pounds sterling, and they will expect to receive the payments on the 17th of next month.</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Tvw2R6Odr4ePfKGwncyfLP_0asSeal6Kbra2Px2fIrPK8PrjGHPWQ-2Qn9UEuKSQtG825PDcPjXA58g1JDqj9plrOYkqoikLIvnJD7s933pGO-Q9wKrAstjW1VlRdVhojMHH/s720/gazette+5+Feb+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Tvw2R6Odr4ePfKGwncyfLP_0asSeal6Kbra2Px2fIrPK8PrjGHPWQ-2Qn9UEuKSQtG825PDcPjXA58g1JDqj9plrOYkqoikLIvnJD7s933pGO-Q9wKrAstjW1VlRdVhojMHH/s320/gazette+5+Feb+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p.</span> <span title="">59:</span><br /><br /><span title="">From London, January 17, 1718.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... We have heard that an English Vessel coming from Buenos Airés, with a considerable load of rich goods, had been attacked near Jamaica, where it had gone to make water, by a forban [pirate</span> <span title="">], who had become master of it, after a long resilience in vengeance in which these Corsairs had massacred the whole crew.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTDEaYonvWqJbckGqNMZVjhGb5_WlBUv7oYsHhkREEy1ktqovtjC0LW-PahDtFz9E-JbNZJ_Im2LGFh75rixRlp4FyvqMX31BktY3QBaI1tlzjfuBO32XeHF09xahfrY8FsWZg/s748/gazette+19+Mar+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="244" data-original-width="748" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTDEaYonvWqJbckGqNMZVjhGb5_WlBUv7oYsHhkREEy1ktqovtjC0LW-PahDtFz9E-JbNZJ_Im2LGFh75rixRlp4FyvqMX31BktY3QBaI1tlzjfuBO32XeHF09xahfrY8FsWZg/s320/gazette+19+Mar+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />p. 129:<br /><br />From London, March 10, 1718.<br /><br />On the 3rd of this month, the Commons examined the State of the English Colonies in America, and resolved to request the communication of the Memoirs sent to the Admiralty Commissioners, touching the Pirates who have extremely disturbed the trade in this country: number of the Ships who have been there send, and instructions given to the Commanders, to pursue them, and to destroy them.<br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxG04tAnLBP7GWPURwHOrDliYF5L_h3dyJj16vrMc-Qo06anU30guyYcfDr7XxVjkRHssz_gs8xBn_kFMpFPg0UsvBJQEHF1Uf1Ae-3AViaHQby0S3jKJ8RGcA81V3EoEULZFu/s732/gazette+2+April+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="245" data-original-width="732" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxG04tAnLBP7GWPURwHOrDliYF5L_h3dyJj16vrMc-Qo06anU30guyYcfDr7XxVjkRHssz_gs8xBn_kFMpFPg0UsvBJQEHF1Uf1Ae-3AViaHQby0S3jKJ8RGcA81V3EoEULZFu/s320/gazette+2+April+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />p. 154-155:<br /><br />From London, March 24, 1718<br /><br />... On the 13th, they examined various clauses added to the Act for the transport of thieves: others relating to the repairs of the Port of Douvre, & on a draft Act which looks at specific regulations for the City of Bristol, in which according that he proposed, it is claimed that there are dangerous consequence clauses for the Anglican Church. Today, they heard the Advocars of the Merchants, who complain about the clauses inserted in the Act, to prevent smuggling, & claim that it gives excessive power & against the Loix, to the Customs & Excise Officers & that the penalties imposed on Ship Masters in the event of a violation are too harsh. The Act for the transport of thieves, passed after various changes, as well as that which ensures the effects of the Vessels which will be wrecked, to prevent them from being plundered. According to the latest news received from the English Colonies in America, the Corsairs, most of the English pirates, as well as had been offered Amnesty on very favorable terms, threatening them with no quartering, if they refused to to submit within the term prescribed by the proclamation published on this subject, had had no regard for it, and they continued their piracy as much as ever. They had recently taken eleven richly loaded English Vessels, and most of the Sailors and soldiers of the crews, had taken sides with these Corsairs, who thus became fortified. Those who had refused to take sides, had been knocked down on the next coasts, when they had surrendered without resistance: the others who had defended themselves, had obtained no quarter. The letters from Lisbon also note that three Corsairs of Salé, notwithstanding the three-month Treve concluded with the King of Morocco, had taken a merchant ship from Bristol: that another from this city which they had attacked, had jumped in the air, with all the crew, the fire having started there with the first cannon shots. The Pirates who are cut off in Bombay, & at Fort Saint Georges, also disturb the trade of the East Indies. The Company has obtained letters patent, to make the trial on the spot, to all those who may be caught. It has resolved to reduce to four percent the interest it paid to individuals, starting June 24, according to the old stile. The squadron of sixteen warships, two Galiotes with bombs & two Brulots designed for the Mediterranean Sea, which was at Buoy de Nore, was ordered to sail, and we still armed such a number of Vessels.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQHxMTJXKNey3tE1HLjrny1boD-nbkLc_huSgGTjFuNqF6upcOCcWz1TLW-gQnpJ5fw1HC3YShVgVqRhp_7oaTSz3l0lgTXGAUnjYgG40RdWvMKAyshmbJquW78XpwRIquot7z/s716/gazette+23+April+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="716" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQHxMTJXKNey3tE1HLjrny1boD-nbkLc_huSgGTjFuNqF6upcOCcWz1TLW-gQnpJ5fw1HC3YShVgVqRhp_7oaTSz3l0lgTXGAUnjYgG40RdWvMKAyshmbJquW78XpwRIquot7z/s320/gazette+23+April+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p.</span> <span title="">185:</span><br /><br /><span title="">From Madrid, April 5, 1718.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... Some vessels have been detached, to cross on the coasts, </span><span title="">in
order to hunt down the Corsairs of Barbary [North Africa], particularly those of Salé *
& some English Forbans [Pirates] who made various captures.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><font size="2">*<span class="ILfuVd"><span class="e24Kjd">The Salé Rovers, also Sale Rovers or Salle Rovers, were a dreaded band of Barbary
corsairs in the 17th century. They formed the Republic of Salé on the
Moroccan coast. The most famous of the rovers was Jan Janszoon, a
Dutchman who had been a pirate for Holland in the Mediterranean.</span></span></font></div><br />p. 190-191:<br /><br />From London, April 14, 1718.<br /><br />... The opinions coming from the English Colonies of America, oblige to a larger armament than that which to have been resolved, to go to drive them from the Isle of Providence, where they are fortified in such a way that it it is difficult to attack them, if not with greater force, all the more since they had armed several buildings which they had taken: whether the sailors and the soldiers who were on them, had enlisted with them willingly or because they did not see no quarter given to those who have refused to do so, and thus continue their piracies with more boldness than ever. Captain Rogers, who was commanded with a warship & a few others to attack them, was ordered to postpone his enterprise, until other measures were taken, to try to reduce them.<br />... Three of the Pirates [see below] of America who were caught some time ago, were sentenced to death at the sessions of the Old-Baily, for having taken the Vessel Anglesey, and used it to race, after to have exposed the Captain & another Officer in a desert Isle, without letting them eat anything.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcj33M8t_xfcINBOWyVR1wXAPIMCqBCLKiLVN74JZo1ewBUphwPFelOG_zjZW_5QLUzEozv0JbBwcpPdj5dtqSxrCFAc-m5qrbaFIoahzkUCATnY3M-02rqx-UJsMel2udNb2d/s933/Boston+News+Letter+1718-8-25+p1.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="933" height="92" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcj33M8t_xfcINBOWyVR1wXAPIMCqBCLKiLVN74JZo1ewBUphwPFelOG_zjZW_5QLUzEozv0JbBwcpPdj5dtqSxrCFAc-m5qrbaFIoahzkUCATnY3M-02rqx-UJsMel2udNb2d/s320/Boston+News+Letter+1718-8-25+p1.PNG" width="449" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><font size="2"><i>Boston News-Letter</i> "London, April 3 [1718]" in 25 Aug 1718 issue.<br /></font></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><font size="2">From Proceeding of the Old Baily:</font></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><font size="2"></font></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><p><font size="2">Tuesday, May 27. 1718.</font></p> <p><font size="2">NB. Those that enquire
after, or are desirous to see the strange and unaccountable Letter
lately sent to the Ordinary of Newgate, may read it (with Animadversions
thereon) in the Printed Paper giving an Account of Tho. Peacock, a <span class="termHighlight">Pirate</span>, executed at Wapping on Friday the 25th of April last, and Sold by J. Morphew.</font></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNcDjINKjBYim0N7h-EF6JtaSwncOa0bTstfpqk0kotPAudQhcmVZaDNDbZY0wQUc-7olFgJ1me6lj4XHTO5JimCEJSgkUsOYPwBrQvSuPwmjQV4P3nNvqYy04WijMn2vq8P8/s721/gazette+30+Apr+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="721" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFNcDjINKjBYim0N7h-EF6JtaSwncOa0bTstfpqk0kotPAudQhcmVZaDNDbZY0wQUc-7olFgJ1me6lj4XHTO5JimCEJSgkUsOYPwBrQvSuPwmjQV4P3nNvqYy04WijMn2vq8P8/s320/gazette+30+Apr+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">p. 197:<br /><br />From Madrid, April 12, 1718.<br /><br />... We write from A Coruña, that four warships of the Squadron that cruises on the costes for the safety of the trade, against the Corsaires de Barbarie [</span><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">Salé]</span> and some English Forbans [Pirates], arrived there on the 3rd, & that they had brought two Vessels of </span><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">Salé</span>: one of forty, the other of forty-eight pieces of cannon: that of two hundred and eighty men of crew, the other of two hundred, which they taken at the height of Vigo [in Galicia, Spain], after a very stubborn fight of more than three hours. They also brought three prizes, two Portuguese and an English one that these Corsairs had made, across the Cape of Finisterre. Two Vessels of the same Wing, arriving on the same day in A Coruña in the evening, with two English Forbans [Pirates] that they took outside of Bilbao, where they have been cruising for a month & disturb the navigation of the Merchants. The orders have been given to cause Cadiz to take all the Corsairs who have been taken, and who number more than six hundred, in order to strengthen the Chiourmes des Galeres [slave-rowed royal galleys]. The two Vessels of Salé must be refitted, having been very damaged in combat; As they make new & good sailboats, they intend to be joined to those who make up the two Wings of nine Vessels each, so one will cross on the costes of Andalusia: the other on the costes of Galicia &: Biscay.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrQHK_6ALnyRPvS3R_XVKlWNn24zjNVqGA7oxlEn7QNxq-FrucDoG5Mb0YhynaOdtt9A9cIlmbpWrV8Dusbdh3Ws-hysKhxBfZ0txXdT1mPkgdrxagY4zORH5_8_ciAnr-7fVL/s724/gazette+11+June+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="724" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrQHK_6ALnyRPvS3R_XVKlWNn24zjNVqGA7oxlEn7QNxq-FrucDoG5Mb0YhynaOdtt9A9cIlmbpWrV8Dusbdh3Ws-hysKhxBfZ0txXdT1mPkgdrxagY4zORH5_8_ciAnr-7fVL/s320/gazette+11+June+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /></div>p. 169-170:<br /><br />From Madrid, May 24, 1718.<br /><br />... On the 18th, there arrived a Gentleman despatched by the Commander of the South Sea Wing, who had left Cadiz in the first days of 1717, to hunt down the Pirates, who disturbed the commerce of the Nation , & to the Foreigners, who against the old Loix [SE coast of France] of Navigation, & the defenses of their Sovereigns, negotiated on the sides of Peru and Chile. He brought letters of December 9, which learn that this Wing had chased & taken in the ports of Arica & Cobija six large Vessels & a Boat load booty or goods, the value of which was estimated at more than three million piastres. The Commandant having brought them to the port of Callao, two leagues from Lima, where he had had the goods unloaded and put in the store, and he had established an Intendant to make them sell, and receive the rights which belong to the King. As the Vessels were good & ready to serve, three of the best were given to the Prince of San Bono Viceroy of Peru, to strengthen the South Sea fleet, to chase the Corsairs, to prevent the smuggling trade, & ensure the navigation of the Spanish, & the transport of troops, ammunition, & goods, from one Province to another.<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHhJeZjmmxNU0uKSXu5N39TP8J9gpPI4DOxvcPEPzQJAqZ_yfS6rRKdIehopuruqitkGfXRNq3Df-dR10Yt1LJ5PditP8o91NU038YoB7BebnEwviAyOKkmpso3LCoks09gyPX/s714/gazette+2+July+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="239" data-original-width="714" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHhJeZjmmxNU0uKSXu5N39TP8J9gpPI4DOxvcPEPzQJAqZ_yfS6rRKdIehopuruqitkGfXRNq3Df-dR10Yt1LJ5PditP8o91NU038YoB7BebnEwviAyOKkmpso3LCoks09gyPX/s320/gazette+2+July+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p.</span> <span title="">306:</span><br /><br /><span title="">From Madrid, June 14, 1718.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... But we learned that the negotiation of the English to obtain Peace,</span><br /><span title="">or a Treve with the King of Morocco, was broken, and that the Corsairs of Salé, had started again to run on Vaille to the merchants of the Nation, and that they had already taken some of them.</span> <span title="">The orders have been sent to Bilbao & A Coruña, to prefer the arming of some Vessels destined to increase the Wing which believe of this coast there, to give hunt to three or four Ostend Shipowners, who appeared in these seas,</span> <span title="">with the Emperor's flag, & to English Forbans [Pirates].</span> <span title="">We are eagerly working on the construction of several Transport Vessels, and a few others.</span> <span title="">We have heard from Lisbon, that the Brazilian fleet was not far from the coast, and that two vessels had been detached, to go forward, and escort it against the Corsairs of Barbary.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi-8ldhl_jfHhCsbVJyDI0XV8wiytAV-mDI1GR42wREr-ErNTSj1Jlfwyub0ViYRASIgB-ZLEBeZhpxSnL2hv-f8_6Lw0qK-Hjxh9xDEQMNPWn5hvEOWkQPtoz9wkqRxETLfLS/s720/gazette+6+Aug+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="252" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi-8ldhl_jfHhCsbVJyDI0XV8wiytAV-mDI1GR42wREr-ErNTSj1Jlfwyub0ViYRASIgB-ZLEBeZhpxSnL2hv-f8_6Lw0qK-Hjxh9xDEQMNPWn5hvEOWkQPtoz9wkqRxETLfLS/s320/gazette+6+Aug+1718.PNG" width="320" /><br /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Printing error on this - page 351<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi-8ldhl_jfHhCsbVJyDI0XV8wiytAV-mDI1GR42wREr-ErNTSj1Jlfwyub0ViYRASIgB-ZLEBeZhpxSnL2hv-f8_6Lw0qK-Hjxh9xDEQMNPWn5hvEOWkQPtoz9wkqRxETLfLS/s720/gazette+6+Aug+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 360-361:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London, July 18, 1718.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... Others who had been condemned to death at the Assizes, must be transported to the Colonies of America, where we sent full powers, to grant the pardon promised by a proclamation to the English Forbans [Pirates], who will come</span> <span title="">submit.</span> <span title="">Five Vessels order to go to Portsmouth, where they must be equipped, according to a certain opinion of the naval army of the Republic: it was only believed that the junction of Vessels and Galleys was made.</span> <span title=""></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""></span></span><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTBTNTVVBOZPMi9Yz2eM6b_9OGlgZfiAq07D7x06K2Kfjt5TPZGVIkx2Z5C-TIK2vSiOTdoRvI86NBkqmYC9ieEk701cFZmGQvO3bBy4Z5Tu-a9rquprbGSq9BPOKg0SYWQ2Ya/s723/gazette+13+August+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="723" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTBTNTVVBOZPMi9Yz2eM6b_9OGlgZfiAq07D7x06K2Kfjt5TPZGVIkx2Z5C-TIK2vSiOTdoRvI86NBkqmYC9ieEk701cFZmGQvO3bBy4Z5Tu-a9rquprbGSq9BPOKg0SYWQ2Ya/s320/gazette+13+August+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /></div>p. 373:<br /><br />From London, August 4, 1718<br /><br />... The Captain of the Ostend Vessel who had taken a loaded Vessel for Bilbao from the Dunes, seeing that he would be condemned as Pirate, promised to return it to the interested parties, provided that he was granted his freedom.<br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqx1uCPHUhkC2ZeQa5eDD_3tK5aDjr0mfTsULSFrKRbVIYzyQuTYmDDfTZvkGRR4gh1qg4eA1_8gB3UhcDojv59iXrRFwvqVecaZDnMTKV3mASMsB7MWB1CcQpxtpnl40Noksa/s701/gazette+20+Aug+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="244" data-original-width="701" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqx1uCPHUhkC2ZeQa5eDD_3tK5aDjr0mfTsULSFrKRbVIYzyQuTYmDDfTZvkGRR4gh1qg4eA1_8gB3UhcDojv59iXrRFwvqVecaZDnMTKV3mASMsB7MWB1CcQpxtpnl40Noksa/s320/gazette+20+Aug+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />p. 394:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London.</span> <span title="">August 11, 1718.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... We have heard from the Colonies of America that several Forbans [Pirates] have provided themselves, and that they have accepted the pardon that had promised them by the proclamation published in the country: but that</span> <span title="">there were several others who did not take pains to take advantage of this grace, but who continued their pirations, and who had made many considerable catches.</span> <span title="">Among others a Vessel [Edward Thache's QAR] which carries a black flag, with death tests[tête=head?], & three or four large Rowboats with bloody flags, had taken on the coast of Honduras, a Vessel of four hundred tons, of fifty men</span> <span title="">of crew, & of twenty-six guns, names the Cesar Protestant [Protestant Caesar];</span> <span title="">& having looted all the goods, they had put Captain [William Wyer of Boston] & all his people on the ground, then they had set fire to it.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">[Note: though perhaps generic, this reference tells of a black flag not unlike that of Samuel Bellamy, with a skull - not the type with a full skeleton, hourglass, and a spear in a bleeding heart, like that later described for Edward Low]</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEafub3qvLgkyRDAMw7w9rX1FHBmyhDjQflwyC2ZApXUc61Ahf4NkjxygmNOTG1Y15ZaHe3Hc1tI8huHg75EMr3KccDhv1gOh9d4PHabMRCBndqsN-RQtXtJ64E4kfyJmZALOM/s717/gazette+27+Aug+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="254" data-original-width="717" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEafub3qvLgkyRDAMw7w9rX1FHBmyhDjQflwyC2ZApXUc61Ahf4NkjxygmNOTG1Y15ZaHe3Hc1tI8huHg75EMr3KccDhv1gOh9d4PHabMRCBndqsN-RQtXtJ64E4kfyJmZALOM/s320/gazette+27+Aug+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 406:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London, August 18, 1718.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... That of America is no less so by the Forbans [Pirates], several of whom did not turn away, & who did not want to accept Amnesty, continued their course, and took several English vessels</span> <span title="">& Dutch.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCWXDmDkj7YSeoMS0_r1D05KZ37357Ll5PNYoLHzbG7uYhhCEpD-GfyV9Ym2hh97zSD4-k2wCQ9QYhHS5fbjobHay2eFD0T_K86O65ek0Et72LLI5-VOfhpnsjQQdXwor5cPr6/s735/gazette+24+Sep+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="735" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCWXDmDkj7YSeoMS0_r1D05KZ37357Ll5PNYoLHzbG7uYhhCEpD-GfyV9Ym2hh97zSD4-k2wCQ9QYhHS5fbjobHay2eFD0T_K86O65ek0Et72LLI5-VOfhpnsjQQdXwor5cPr6/s320/gazette+24+Sep+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 454-455:</span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London, September 15, 1718.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... We also learn from the letters of the English Colonies of America, that the Forbans [Pirates] are starting to disturb trade more than ever: that they had made several considerable takes, and that they had led them to the</span> <span title="">Isle of Providence, where they fortified themselves in such a way, that it was necessary to send considerable forces there to reduce them.</span> <span title="">Some of those who had accepted the pardon which they had granted to them, went back to racing, which troubles trade out of this country.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge50jyYht2Z9zu8INrtZP3orqQJlKuGi4fsrc77WYu7TxUnqZ33CARo7pknEch10VS1jn300t3Q8Mwgs2IL2jjDIw6_c2Pd5-UhRVBIX5fM430O9l5zDqU6vHUewDb-l-9bcv2/s729/gazette+15+Oct+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="729" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge50jyYht2Z9zu8INrtZP3orqQJlKuGi4fsrc77WYu7TxUnqZ33CARo7pknEch10VS1jn300t3Q8Mwgs2IL2jjDIw6_c2Pd5-UhRVBIX5fM430O9l5zDqU6vHUewDb-l-9bcv2/s320/gazette+15+Oct+1718.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 491:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London there on October 6, 1718.</span><br /><br /><span class="" title="">... We have heard from America that the Scarborough has taken a 30-gun Forban [Pirate] of 300 crew members.</span> <span class="" title="">There are always quite a number of others, who persist in refusing the forgiveness which has been offered to them, & which are frequent catches.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT5NtR-h8JrBqMmSXQTsFPmFiA4kyy6Sea1r9zDKpzQKt-xt2FSz74mDtEUbCrnO-HifP9aqs91Gbjr8jCmwH-le5396xQZjDhGIjtFGEGKPyy-rNnYxH-7hjCWGts8WNC8QT5/s804/gazette+7+Jan+1719.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="804" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT5NtR-h8JrBqMmSXQTsFPmFiA4kyy6Sea1r9zDKpzQKt-xt2FSz74mDtEUbCrnO-HifP9aqs91Gbjr8jCmwH-le5396xQZjDhGIjtFGEGKPyy-rNnYxH-7hjCWGts8WNC8QT5/s320/gazette+7+Jan+1719.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 5:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From Lisbon, December 1, 1718</span><br /><br /><span title="">... The letters of the Bay of all Saints, state that the Count of Vimieyro who is its Governor, arrived there, after seventy-eight days of navigation, but in poor health, because he had</span> <span title="">embarked before that were fully healed of a disease which he had attacked before his departure.</span> <span title="">He met on the road a Corsair who wore the Dutch flag & who approached his Vessel, did the black flag & fired a broadside, including a gunner & a soldier who were wounded.</span> <span title="">But at the first discharge, the Corsair went ill-treated, withdrew by means of veils, & he escaped.</span> <span title="">It is believed that it can be one of the Forbans [Pirates] which made many takes on the English & other Nations in the Seas of America, because we had noticed that some carried the black flag.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVsJCJz-bfAHfxe_sgZ1Nib4O4XXJ66y9nzkBq5hgrFFmKtjl1gVgLNFdzEc48xA4hLnKL1lNK3-CkQqIgunKUx-WK1Byv1QFJCuc5yYPuzPBh4ECdCFWWyyigdMcgYCU826-F/s756/gazette+28+Jan+1719.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="262" data-original-width="756" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVsJCJz-bfAHfxe_sgZ1Nib4O4XXJ66y9nzkBq5hgrFFmKtjl1gVgLNFdzEc48xA4hLnKL1lNK3-CkQqIgunKUx-WK1Byv1QFJCuc5yYPuzPBh4ECdCFWWyyigdMcgYCU826-F/s320/gazette+28+Jan+1719.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 46:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London, January 19, 1719.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... According to the last withdrawals from the Colonies, the Forbans [Pirates] who committed so many disorders in these countries continued their piracies notwithstanding the offers that had been made to them recently, to forgive them the past, & that</span> <span title="">of them had taken a Vessel on which were embarked several of those who had been condemned to death, obtained that their punishment would be commuted, in obligation to serve a number of years in America.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX1tzOj2yhr9Njh6WDvoEdQPH8KhR5C9rBLEtRohEKAJj_quowW2R6MWSMHWBR6KU8zt3kXr-7D-3EL-VRrXRhzXUrqlV25dHNieN8wM3J5kFQf4PbgrxtxWsL9gsibOqU0rie/s737/gazette+11+Feb+1719.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="737" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX1tzOj2yhr9Njh6WDvoEdQPH8KhR5C9rBLEtRohEKAJj_quowW2R6MWSMHWBR6KU8zt3kXr-7D-3EL-VRrXRhzXUrqlV25dHNieN8wM3J5kFQf4PbgrxtxWsL9gsibOqU0rie/s320/gazette+11+Feb+1719.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 70:</span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London, February 2, 1719</span><br /><br /><span title="">We heard from Jamaica that the Forbans [Pirates] were continuing </span><span title="">their races, and that the Spaniards arm several vessels, to run against the English.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxAA2hwBSSYPrNdAlKstvt7oO_jjXyLjNxvpCPdFt8alblXRTV5GY7WExKRlbkNh0anOdE2tH6yhn8a7AwMhTs3HbFZDR6Gw4oV6bz9jR2nmntdhwCsQu5ioahC-_AKPP-U_pS/s749/gazette+1+April+1719.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="257" data-original-width="749" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxAA2hwBSSYPrNdAlKstvt7oO_jjXyLjNxvpCPdFt8alblXRTV5GY7WExKRlbkNh0anOdE2tH6yhn8a7AwMhTs3HbFZDR6Gw4oV6bz9jR2nmntdhwCsQu5ioahC-_AKPP-U_pS/s320/gazette+1+April+1719.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /></div>p. 166-167:<br /><br />From London, March 23, 1719<br /><br />... The Commons continued to work on the Acts proposed & put into Committee; & on the 20th, the Lottery Act passed in their Room. She also ordered that whoever had to pay for the powder stores would be put on the net. We ask from Barbados that the Pirates of this country continue their races, and that they had taken in January a Merchant Ship from this City: another coming from Guinea, with two hundred and forty Negroes, & gold dust, another from New England is a Françoise Rowboat. They had plundered all these buildings, and they had released two, sunk one to the bottom, and took away the fourth.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbXjl1r2dx5_48fs7jVKbN49kK36alK2WsJbSuKcc6EaBAgRqm_4hL10OCZvkeKEus1asg7GcZwswPbSFVyZ14DZPQDN1FQgv8w35YAZ1HRhMSeOVdrtZvsoCOUYXnWVlh7qOt/s738/gazette+27+May+1719.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="252" data-original-width="738" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbXjl1r2dx5_48fs7jVKbN49kK36alK2WsJbSuKcc6EaBAgRqm_4hL10OCZvkeKEus1asg7GcZwswPbSFVyZ14DZPQDN1FQgv8w35YAZ1HRhMSeOVdrtZvsoCOUYXnWVlh7qOt/s320/gazette+27+May+1719.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p.</span> <span title="">262:</span><br /><br /><span title="">From London, May 18, 1719.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... We heard from Lisbon that the Neptune Vessel from Porto, loaded with three hundred pipes of wine, was perished ... Interested in the Compagnie de la Mer du Sud, impatiently await news from several</span> <span title="">of their Ships, richly charged, fearing that they may have been taken by Forbans [Pirates], who are always very much in disorder, or that they may have been arrested by the Spaniards.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8dMWfcM_9h-zXZezQ1rTKooZuTj2kTECKlrFQ0llTsuD3TLPDLLFxlcfbfXmxZWkj7s4bbfY4Neg6keBP23tELsHqi0xD8AJdOVvDwtK7wCqSgJT_OX3QaxAUKei7Nfvw64Wy/s747/gazette+10+Jun+1719.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="252" data-original-width="747" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8dMWfcM_9h-zXZezQ1rTKooZuTj2kTECKlrFQ0llTsuD3TLPDLLFxlcfbfXmxZWkj7s4bbfY4Neg6keBP23tELsHqi0xD8AJdOVvDwtK7wCqSgJT_OX3QaxAUKei7Nfvw64Wy/s320/gazette+10+Jun+1719.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">p. 285-286:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">From London, on May 20, 1719.<br /><br />... We press their departure and that of the relief destined for this country, especially since the Negotiators of the English Colonies have already lost several Vessels, some of which have been taken by Spanish Shipowners, & others by the Forbans [Pirates], who are always very hard to exterminate. It is said from Jamaica that, at the wish of Port-Royal, a Spanish shipowner from the island of Trinidad had taken the Kingston from London, whose cargo was very rich. The Frigate the Scarborough, was taken at the height of the Isle of Saint Christopher, by a Forban [Pirate], who after having cannonaded it for a long time, approached it and took it, the Captain & some Officers having been killed. A Spanish Shipowner of forty guns, took the Merchant Ship Saint George, which passed from Cork to Gibraltar & two others including one coming from New England, & the other from Cornouaille. Two other English vessels, other English vessels which preceded Lisbon, were taken by an owner of six pieces of cannon. The Commissioners for the sale of confiscated goods have recommenced the exercise of their Commission, which was suspended during the tenure of Parliament.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF71xAJ56oChXBIy-aINkQtqYRXJT5nBNmceMo974CJeHhCa4PHu6oIqxip2YBg7XpyO6-qKbc3DxjZRG8L7D-PQNPKdmyOYu21Sk6lBIiLwGfZ6IAnFrwU5ILTA7MUNOGbt9_/s787/gazette+28+Oct+1719.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="284" data-original-width="787" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF71xAJ56oChXBIy-aINkQtqYRXJT5nBNmceMo974CJeHhCa4PHu6oIqxip2YBg7XpyO6-qKbc3DxjZRG8L7D-PQNPKdmyOYu21Sk6lBIiLwGfZ6IAnFrwU5ILTA7MUNOGbt9_/s320/gazette+28+Oct+1719.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">p. 526-527:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">From London, October 19, 1719.<br /><br />No news came from the squadron which had left Sainte Helene, with the troops which had assembled at the Isle of Wight; & as during a few days the wind was favorable, we thought it arrived towards the costes of Spain: but we had no opinion yet. On the 14th, the Britannia Vessel pierced with one hundred and twelve pieces of cannon, was launched in Wolwich, in the presence of a large number of people; but the Prince & Princess of Wales who had been invited, attended; point, & he must be taken to Chatam. Two or more vessels of seventy pieces of cannon are being built at Wolwich, and there are a few others on site. The Commissaries of the Admiralty assembled to deliberate on the means of ensuring navigation, which is disturbed on all coasts by the Corsairs, or by the Spanish Shipowners. We had notice from the English Colonies of the Coste de Guinée on July 1, that a Forban [Pirate] whose Nation we do not know, because he had changed their flag, had taken two Vessels which belonged to the Company of Africa; & that after having looted them & put the crews on the ground, </span></span><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">he had taken these same Vessels, on which he had put a part of his [crew?], & that he had started to use them, to continue the race along the</span> coasts.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">----------------------------------------------------------------------</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-60340634479970769532020-06-08T20:39:00.003-07:002020-06-09T14:03:49.095-07:00La Gazette Pirate References - 1720<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifXB7NRdU39G7Nb_MGY17wAf4DXugV966_x6UQlukoC5F74dz25E3MrZb8eHeZAQSo2NmkBbgU-3ABjDcCnaDc1-tgPgp-eTgeDenCZOciOjI22C_3PZitms0VDJ95vrUpIjAX/s373/gazette+20+Jan+1720.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="131" data-original-width="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifXB7NRdU39G7Nb_MGY17wAf4DXugV966_x6UQlukoC5F74dz25E3MrZb8eHeZAQSo2NmkBbgU-3ABjDcCnaDc1-tgPgp-eTgeDenCZOciOjI22C_3PZitms0VDJ95vrUpIjAX/s320/gazette+20+Jan+1720.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /><br />p. 45-46:<br /><br />From London, January 18, 1720<br /><br />We heard from Harwich that on the 15th & 16th, two Transport Vessels, on which eight hundred Dutchmen had embarked, had sailed, and that the preceding days, six hundred others had left on other vessels, en route to The Netherlands. Two ships of thirty guns order to go against the Corsairs [Pirates], who continue to disturb trade in the Colonies of America & the Coast of Guinea, where they appear in greater numbers than ever. They burned several takes they made, & we learn from letters from Barbados, that they looted or burned forty English Vessels of this Colony & other neighbors, & twenty on the coast of Guinea, from different Nations . According to the latest advice from this country, Captain Maxwel, who passed from old Calabar to Virginia, having on board a hundred Negros, had been taken near Isle of Cariscoe [Corisco] by three of these Pirates [almost certainly Olivier LeVasseur, Jeremiah Cocklyn, and Richard Taylor]; that they had taken him to serve as their Pilot; and having learned that two ships from London and one from Bristol had gone to the neighboring coasts to buy Negroes, they had sailed from this coast, and had taken them, as well as another vessel from Glascow. They have since made their way to the Gold Coast, & according to the report of Captain Maxwel who fled at night in a Rowboat, their intention was to go cruising towards the Cape of Good Hope, to await the Vessels returning there from East Indies. In the last sessions of the Justices of the Peace, it was ordered to the Connestables or Commissars of the districts, to have the Loix enforced against those who have seditious libels, or who sing insolent songs in the streets.<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_BVaCgke9q9Kezjfivfym07eK5tzVwL4RIp-VWTNnuzsZAN_UqltSjVLwZRss8zZrtHNUlR__aRuqur36JRVYJ3U6CVUf3-nmrFtebZGK4B_4vsLP_vTy6FV9_lW-wF65GjIA/s381/gazette+4+May+1720.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="139" data-original-width="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_BVaCgke9q9Kezjfivfym07eK5tzVwL4RIp-VWTNnuzsZAN_UqltSjVLwZRss8zZrtHNUlR__aRuqur36JRVYJ3U6CVUf3-nmrFtebZGK4B_4vsLP_vTy6FV9_lW-wF65GjIA/s320/gazette+4+May+1720.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /></div>p. 214:<br /><br />From London, April 25, 1720<br /><br />The Duke of Shandois & others, Bought, the Patent of the Company of Africa, for two hundred and fifty thousand pounds sterling. We learn from Virginia that the Pirates started their races again, and that they had taken two Bristol Ships.<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_tOxpoG6jhdX8WTecUzxW4B7BLA5gR9RZmuxj9HWtB1BVRzyr-OwPCSHzDLArES_bvexvFMCWGLsvsmrHNKcypgvdYd99xH1puvNjRjEnGmx648IRpXmSEZ4SwNV3LWmFk4ec/s361/gazette+11+May+1720.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="137" data-original-width="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_tOxpoG6jhdX8WTecUzxW4B7BLA5gR9RZmuxj9HWtB1BVRzyr-OwPCSHzDLArES_bvexvFMCWGLsvsmrHNKcypgvdYd99xH1puvNjRjEnGmx648IRpXmSEZ4SwNV3LWmFk4ec/s320/gazette+11+May+1720.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /></div>p. 227:<br /><br />From London, May 2, 1720<br /><br />The letters from America and the costes of Africa are known that the Pirates continue to make great disorders there, ransoming or plundering almost all the merchant ships they meet, & even attacking some of them under the cannon of the Forts. Several highway robbers have been executed to death here and in the Provinces, but thefts are very frequent.<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcyAwEaElmjh11YssFGqEPcGH8brDQjFm0akf08CJjPUHJ3qrnaHMBDSrpfDWDhmdzCcbbdHlA2zITkWGL2FBzlakNlUz1fL9lfRcG2mF6PbATcarxrHSX3lKlFTZvzkWA26it/s363/gazette+3+Aug+1720.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="128" data-original-width="363" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcyAwEaElmjh11YssFGqEPcGH8brDQjFm0akf08CJjPUHJ3qrnaHMBDSrpfDWDhmdzCcbbdHlA2zITkWGL2FBzlakNlUz1fL9lfRcG2mF6PbATcarxrHSX3lKlFTZvzkWA26it/s320/gazette+3+Aug+1720.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /></div>p. 370-371:<br /><br />From London, July 25, 1720<br /><br />[excellent context:]<br />The Directors of the African Company wishing to restore their trade which was considerably diminished by the losses which the Pirates caused him to suffer there, made equip ten ships, to send there, besides the two warships of fifty piece of cannon that the Lords Justiciers granted them. The purpose of the Company is to fortify the ports where it has trading posts, & to put them out of insult, because their buildings were not there in rage, & to make a new establishment in the river of Gambia, ten leagues or so from its mouth, hoping by this means to attract the principal trade in elephant teeth, gold dust, and other merchants of the country, with the Cafres [of Southeast African origin] on the continent. She sent for this purpose a large number of all strong laborers, and quantity of materials, in addition to two hundred soldiers divide into four Companies each commanded by a Lieutenant, who will enter in garrison in the Fort which it is intended to build there . The Lords Justiciers having examined the project sent from Ireland, to establish in Dublin a Bank similar to that of England, had approved it: but on the admonitions which were made to them of the prejudice that this one could suffer from it, they have suspended the execution of the project until further notice. Some ships have arrived from Virginia, and others are expected to load tobacco and other country goods. We learn that the Pirates are causing disorder every day, & that the Spaniards have recently taken an English Vessel, because the suspicion of all hostilities, was not yet published in this country. The East India Company has made the sale of the goods which are loaded with the last Vessels which make them arrive, and it has been about seven hundred thousand pounds sterling, instead that above it was much stronger. We attributed this decrease to<br />little debit that the painted canvases and other manufactures of the Indies had, which the Merchants had obliged to give at low price, because of the Acts of the last Parliament. Notwithstanding the penalties imposed by the last Act of Parliament, highway robbers continue to cause a great deal of disorder: some of their leaders have been arrested, they have declared their accomplices, who are being researched. The Actions on the South Sea Company are today a thousand miles away.<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMcmgvqG2hkVuSjEw8aaH98cGXGQS0D4L5oNuA8cQtNGGZMk0fgoEseKHgQBlx6XnkVW_PAdTdnFoo7ULK6t7BnDNtehERzYvUrqu8UUPzfiJhWgVv4k_Qm4dhICqWOeyirVq_/s366/gazette+10+Aug+1720.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="130" data-original-width="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMcmgvqG2hkVuSjEw8aaH98cGXGQS0D4L5oNuA8cQtNGGZMk0fgoEseKHgQBlx6XnkVW_PAdTdnFoo7ULK6t7BnDNtehERzYvUrqu8UUPzfiJhWgVv4k_Qm4dhICqWOeyirVq_/s320/gazette+10+Aug+1720.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /></div>p. 382:<br /><br />From London, July 29, 1720<br /><br />... The Directors of the Africa Company having resolved to establish a new dwelling in the Gambia river, ten leagues or approximately from its mouth, must send workers there incessantly, to build a fort there which can put the costes under cover from pirates who take a lot of it, we have even learned recently that they had taken three English Vessels, of which the Officers and the Sailors had been made slaves. On the assurance that the Resident of the Czar in this Court gave the Merchants that they could send their Vessels to the ports of Estats du Roy his Maistre, & traffic freely there, they sent several of them to Russia, & they ship goods every day for these countries.<br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNtpLa1zmeB5kLEJZpEALmC1oljziGbgF07sawv62-t9pzosfgEX-86FgfmX21s3HGnk7JiNGZo999Nh5bwSkQvHCZ9fSERdTiC5ehkcLN36gAOFeFhAZvlXzvHoG1ko0tTbhw/s374/gazette+24+Aug+1720.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="139" data-original-width="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNtpLa1zmeB5kLEJZpEALmC1oljziGbgF07sawv62-t9pzosfgEX-86FgfmX21s3HGnk7JiNGZo999Nh5bwSkQvHCZ9fSERdTiC5ehkcLN36gAOFeFhAZvlXzvHoG1ko0tTbhw/s320/gazette+24+Aug+1720.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><br />p. 406-407:<br /><br />From London there on August 15, 1720.<br /><br />... The Merchants learned that the Pirates had kidnapped several of their Vessels in the Gambia river, which caused them great losses. They hope that the warships that the Government has granted to the different Companies, for the safety of their Trade, will deliver these Costes from all these Pirates. We write from Plymouth, that there had passed three Vessels from the Mediterranean Sea Wing, and we await the rest of this fleet. It is believed that that which was intended for this Sea, and which was to be commanded by Admiral Wager, will be disarmed, and we have already sent orders to two of the Vessels which compose it, to set sail, to go to the Costes of Guinea, & to assure there the Trade of the Company of Africa, which must make leave at the same time its Vessels. We continue to transport a lot of gold & silver for France, & for Holland.<br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZRbJbkjt5uq_gEctqF2hTX3Yy__IP9A63VElovVdCMojSUIqb5-9zQmyHQfLSv0ukVCxXSXGTH-StRM-TtucolInGurNNNG6eu-XqIHWZ3GHLhVNoe3t02LNbgVzvv1_UmLZO/s367/gazette+31+Aug+1720.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="136" data-original-width="367" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZRbJbkjt5uq_gEctqF2hTX3Yy__IP9A63VElovVdCMojSUIqb5-9zQmyHQfLSv0ukVCxXSXGTH-StRM-TtucolInGurNNNG6eu-XqIHWZ3GHLhVNoe3t02LNbgVzvv1_UmLZO/s320/gazette+31+Aug+1720.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><br />p. 418-419:<br /><br />From London, August 22, 1720.<br /><br />The Lords Justiciers who had referred to the ordinary Judges the decision of the concertation which is between My lord Craven & My lord Londondery, for the property of the Isles of Bahama in America, examined this affair for a third time, in the Council which was held on the 20th of this month, & it was ordered that the Attorney General would draw up an Act to annul the Charter which was granted to My Lord Craven under the reign of Charles II & to reunite these Isles to the Crown. This judgment did not, however, prevent the Company formed by My lord Londo [n] dery in favor of a Patente which was given to him by the Roy [king], to continue his projects to make an establishment in these Isles & she must send there immediately any strong of workers, on the Vessels which leave at the end of the month for the Isle of Providence. The Duke of Grafton, Viceroy of Ireland, to whom the Lords Justiciers had referred the examination of a Request, to establish in Dublin a Insurance Company for fire, having made a very favorable report to this establishment, the interestez hope more than ever to obtain a Charter which authorizes it, & they have chosen a Governor & Directors of this Company, whose project is to establish Insurance Offices in London, Dublin, & in all Trade cities of the Kingdom of Ireland. The South Sea Company Books have been opened to receive new Subscriptions, but the eagerness has not been so great for a few days, which causes them to close them until next week. The East India Company & that of Africa, always continue to engage Officers, soldiers & workers, to send in their establishments, and work to build new there. They become more and more everyday necessary, all the news of these countries containing only the various catches made by the Pirates who make them become so powerful on these coasts, that the Merchant Vessels no longer dare to go to sea without escort.<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiZTpNYwQuzJbJnbIts7Ml0OZfqy3FnGVwatacjsYuqGG9WF1it-LNBXYUeBtw1iUV5v6VvjRvpB6xGLzrrJhc_YvcmLAu6SvDJu8XkZSddV2QVW0dW6JF4n6r-u33e7t4Eznd/s352/gazette+30+Nov+1720.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="145" data-original-width="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiZTpNYwQuzJbJnbIts7Ml0OZfqy3FnGVwatacjsYuqGG9WF1it-LNBXYUeBtw1iUV5v6VvjRvpB6xGLzrrJhc_YvcmLAu6SvDJu8XkZSddV2QVW0dW6JF4n6r-u33e7t4Eznd/s320/gazette+30+Nov+1720.PNG" width="320" /></a><br /></div>p. 575-576:<br /><br />From London, November 21, 1720<br /><br />... The Attorney General has handed over to the Court of Bench of Roy [king] the information he has given by order of the Lords Justiciers against Mr. Lowther Governor of Barbados who is to be tried at the next term. For the past few days, there have been several proceedings against the commitments made between individuals on the Shares of the Compagnie de la Mer du Sud, but it appears that the Judges will decide nothing on these strong cases only when they will be informed of the intentions of Parliament on these commitments. Interested in the latest Subscriptions, await the Assembly of Parliament with great impatience; & they still hope it will do them justice. There are a very large number of Briefs which must be presented on this case, and particularly against Directors who hope to glue them to justify themselves of what is imputed to them on the discredit of Actions, the price of which has been further reduced since the news come from the considerable bankruptcies that take place in Holland. Six large Vessels & six others a little smaller which belong to the Company of Africa made sail of the Dunes last week, under the escort of two Vessels of war, & there are still in the Thames two large vessels which must incessantly put sailing. This Company has embarked on these Vessels a large number of soldiers and workers, to build new Forts in their establishments. The warships escorting these vessels are ordered to hunt down the Pirates & destroy them entirely, so the Company, whose trade has been much smaller for some time, hopes to make it much more profitable, and to build up Your credit, Don Hyacinthe Pereyra de Castro Envoy Extraordinary of the King [king] of Portugal in this Court, died here on the 20th of this month. Four thousand three hundred and thirteen ounces of gold were sent to Douanne this week for Holland, and two hundred ounces for being transported to France. The shares of the Compagnie de la Mer du Sud are now two hundred and ten.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>---------------------------------------------------------------------</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: left;">
<font size="6"><span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B084RV459W/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i5">Quest for Blackbeard: The True Story of Edward Thache and His World </a></span></font></div><font size="4">
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<font size="4"><span>Price: $19.99</span></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4"><span><br /></span></font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><font size="4"><span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B084RV459W/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i5" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="612" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhXca-wVrwXj8IzeRvfA6vLYXH1fUTmR09hVbpubztd-kcieNJ1wpHfynUbhmk_CZDm4raUmpUWfreNSFYNkewzTL6AdmPk32oJp_6HwQF80XPjTh-qb6DF0Z_5eKbeALmIn9n/w309-h400/quest+2nd+epub+cover+proposed.png" title="Quest for Blackbeard" width="309" /></a></span></font></div></div>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-3340084814301235902020-06-08T15:09:00.002-07:002020-06-08T15:09:45.829-07:00La Gazette Pirate References - 1722<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkQevxiqAYnWX7AbPisZOu01DszBV8HzHuJns8p4XrLBsXhlPIDHoa2rAnBkk2dX2sMoRGt_cJYszQ-sE-rVgmoOR17hrjPHCMEXWGBXvRrktWl6gHGAxT7zN96a2Pzc3ghkcq/s742/gazette+jan+1722.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="742" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkQevxiqAYnWX7AbPisZOu01DszBV8HzHuJns8p4XrLBsXhlPIDHoa2rAnBkk2dX2sMoRGt_cJYszQ-sE-rVgmoOR17hrjPHCMEXWGBXvRrktWl6gHGAxT7zN96a2Pzc3ghkcq/s320/gazette+jan+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 10:<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>From London on December 25, 1721</div><br /><div>... The vessel La Marguerite arrived from Cadiz on the 15th, with twelve tons of piastres for the part which goes to the merchants of this city of the interests which they had in the last flotilla of Spain. We have received notice that the Hamilton Vessel returning from Jamaica to Bristol, under the command of Captain Smith, had been taken in its route by a Spanish vessel, without any reason being angry; but that both of them having been attacked then by a Pirate, had been burned after a few hours of combat. We have just learned that the Rebecca destined for Petersburg had perished in the Baltic Sea near the Isle of Bornholm.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgykVBe-s0T1rzfTUu1RoYSxSFHTUIIpbNriZ9bo9f1GRZqc1uUuh0sZgg_O9QvvjOhyphenhyphen4WKm8Q5U3mMJsJv1PCz3Ct4Gp_WPeZ7NoxtGg1S73f2JU8cbVRyWeDhMOR74C1lDISk/s714/gazette+24+jan+1722.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="714" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgykVBe-s0T1rzfTUu1RoYSxSFHTUIIpbNriZ9bo9f1GRZqc1uUuh0sZgg_O9QvvjOhyphenhyphen4WKm8Q5U3mMJsJv1PCz3Ct4Gp_WPeZ7NoxtGg1S73f2JU8cbVRyWeDhMOR74C1lDISk/s320/gazette+24+jan+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 46:<br /><br />From London, January 15, 1722<br /><br />... We have received
notice that the Onslow vessel commanded by Captain Gée had it taken by
the Pirates on the coast of Guinea: that the Rebecca coming from Bilbao,
was lost at the entrance of the English Channel: that the Thomas &
Hannah from Maryland had broken in the rocks of the Cape of Virginia:
that the Charlotte from Jamaica had failed on the coast of France, &
that the Robynson had been taken by the Pirates.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3lTJAvUAkg_AG9CQiEMBrBBMFuAKu3XcdoSU7pKLPhnX9OeNHGaZxyhNHbyISsjGS_r1RV1wPOk_3vSfWu0yqhNPO77UPNu3q3R-rT11El1QEVYjNFb59ttGULQZ7NAXB6OXZ/s703/gazette+7+Feb+1722.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="703" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3lTJAvUAkg_AG9CQiEMBrBBMFuAKu3XcdoSU7pKLPhnX9OeNHGaZxyhNHbyISsjGS_r1RV1wPOk_3vSfWu0yqhNPO77UPNu3q3R-rT11El1QEVYjNFb59ttGULQZ7NAXB6OXZ/s320/gazette+7+Feb+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 69-70:</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">From London, January 29, 1722.<br /><br />...
Vice-Admiral Wager received orders to return to the Ports, the warships
which were to compose the squadron intended against Portugal, and we
received advice from Lisbon that the Sieur Windfîels Negocient Anglois
& le Sieur Robert, his partner, had been sentenced to death on the
8th of this month by the Court of Justice, which had been instructed to
hear their trial, but that on the 9th the Roy [king] of Portugal had
sent them their pardon by the Count of Prado his first Gentleman of the
House, & that on the 10th they had been released & in possession
of all the effects that had been saved</span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"> ...
We equip a warship to escort the ship which must transport the Duke
incessantly of Portland to his Government of Jamaica. The Merchants of
this City received notice that the Morning Star vessel belonging to the
City of Bristol & which was going from Costes from Guinea to
Carolina, had been taken recently by the Pirates, as well as another
ship which was heading for New Yorck. The large number of vessels which
these Corsairs have taken for some time has compelled the merchants of
this Kingdom to submit a request to His Majesty, to beg her to send a
greater number of warships to sea, so that the Trade is not interrupted
by the races of these Pirates.</span></div><div><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"></span></div><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeIAEuBqH-o_on0tHHQ62bLGESXwEl1rsGKWpZY24gvr5GCeDWY3NwJml6CyNM_Nn1DQEIUW64sSQ3dX8PvGYlemZ8n1uaoVJgB0KR4tVZ4ZmChfWtQA8dsNo_DH8teLTiZg9g/s683/gazette+7+Mar+1722.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="683" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeIAEuBqH-o_on0tHHQ62bLGESXwEl1rsGKWpZY24gvr5GCeDWY3NwJml6CyNM_Nn1DQEIUW64sSQ3dX8PvGYlemZ8n1uaoVJgB0KR4tVZ4ZmChfWtQA8dsNo_DH8teLTiZg9g/s320/gazette+7+Mar+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 127:<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>From London, February 26, 1722</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">... We have received notice that the Cassandre vessel belonging to the East India Company, which had been taken some time ago by the Pirates, had just been taken over by the Falkland warship commanded by Captain [Barrows] Harris, after a a very obstinate combat, in which the Pirates had lost more than three hundred men of their crew, & the English one hundred men or about <b>[Is this a false report? The pirate <i>Cassandra</i> is still in the Indian Ocean at this time - possibly a diff. pirate vessel here]</b>. We learned from letters arrived this week from various Ports of this Kingdom, that the Weymouth warship of fifty pieces of cannon, had been taken on the Coast of Guinea by two Pirates, one of forty, & the other of thirty-eight guns: that they had also removed another ship which returned from the slave trade, &. which was destined for Jamaica; & that three vessels loaded with Tobacco, returning from Virginia, were lost in the Rocks, in the West of Ireland.</span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_d-nag_96JGnQEN74EJkjNzyQvYa2QvR-JXxBSY-spqBUboQi4MMPqn1m8ShUFz0sSC_b9L97bzi7MCBfkQUy09wBs3hhiV9WQEQYQ5UFAcmBxzW_k9fCu-acQ_BMAlssigAA/s737/gazette+14+Mar+1722.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="737" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_d-nag_96JGnQEN74EJkjNzyQvYa2QvR-JXxBSY-spqBUboQi4MMPqn1m8ShUFz0sSC_b9L97bzi7MCBfkQUy09wBs3hhiV9WQEQYQ5UFAcmBxzW_k9fCu-acQ_BMAlssigAA/s320/gazette+14+Mar+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>p. 138:<br /><br />From London on March 5, 1722<br /><br />... According to the language of the English vessels that the Pirates have taken, burn or sink to the bottom for five years, both on the African coast, and in America, it seems that England has lost one hundred and thirty-six during this time ; This is what commits his Majesty to arm six warships to chase the pirates, & to restore in these seas the security of commerce interrupted by their races. The East India Company launched the three new Vessels it had built last year. On the 17th of last month, twenty-five Lords, Members of the House of Peers, protested against the decision of the House to admit the Bill which had just been presented there, to enhance the freedom of Elections for Members of a new Parliament; but on the 2nd of this month, their protests having been heard and examined, it was resolved to the plurality of fifty-five votes to twenty-two, that they would strike the registers off, and that there would be no regard for them. The Shares of the South Sea Company today make "ninety-eight."<br /><br /><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNMShJmANnVI3aHt-udvq5tbHP00HJSdxmn8-NOclrV283k6p9dAtoSeCsxjZ0Mvi3K0xxTO4NhB4U5pRa1mtTHPUht1mfSXXUG_PGjrBGnFE4xBE82sDdxRgsAqtkMSCVudZr/s363/gazette+14+apr+1722.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="128" data-original-width="363" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNMShJmANnVI3aHt-udvq5tbHP00HJSdxmn8-NOclrV283k6p9dAtoSeCsxjZ0Mvi3K0xxTO4NhB4U5pRa1mtTHPUht1mfSXXUG_PGjrBGnFE4xBE82sDdxRgsAqtkMSCVudZr/s320/gazette+14+apr+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 169:</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London on April 1, 1722.</span><br /><br /><span title="">... On the 19th, the bishop of Salisbury accompanied by several other prelates of this Kingdom, put in the name of Roy [king] the first stone of the Church of Saint Martin des Champs which was rebuilt.</span> <span title="">We put the same day in commission six warships of the fourth rank, two of which are intended to raise those who serve in the Mediterranean, three to cross on pirates along the coast of Guinea, & the sixth to reinforce the escort</span> <span title="">vessels that go to the cod fishery.</span> <br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwBAoX5HhWrqHCJCGSGO1MZ7hblac39Td-hqoKGNDw_g9wuy0QTKmvqkZh16dtCS_Fc8l18l4GgxocUdxHlOAMVAXFiD8a98lVAzAOPsZa9b8KzFNXp4tqvkUE4WgMUY2JJKyu/s704/gazette+2+May+1722.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="243" data-original-width="704" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwBAoX5HhWrqHCJCGSGO1MZ7hblac39Td-hqoKGNDw_g9wuy0QTKmvqkZh16dtCS_Fc8l18l4GgxocUdxHlOAMVAXFiD8a98lVAzAOPsZa9b8KzFNXp4tqvkUE4WgMUY2JJKyu/s320/gazette+2+May+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 225-226:</span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">From London, April 23, 1722</span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title="">... The Merchants of this City have received notice that the Mercy, one of their vessels, had been taken recently by the Pirates, on the Coste de Guinée: that the Pencel had escaped their rot, & that the Neptune</span> <span class="" title="">loaded for Venice, was lost near Avero (?), The Company of the South Sea, currently makes load the Prince Royal of all strong of goods, whose first purchase amounts to nearly three hundred and thirty thousand pounds</span> <span class="" title="">sterling.</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpb9FCTm6bQvTRSGPWciQTtzUaKjWH7kI1cdA1gvZdiqaUt7RGjlPXlT1yDaRME3UmksISU-tPwFY-lJLnWk4lVF8GdBexST89EhWlxuR_oYxkg-xP9lV4OLP3WmkvqGQ50KCa/s742/gazette+16+May+1722.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="257" data-original-width="742" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpb9FCTm6bQvTRSGPWciQTtzUaKjWH7kI1cdA1gvZdiqaUt7RGjlPXlT1yDaRME3UmksISU-tPwFY-lJLnWk4lVF8GdBexST89EhWlxuR_oYxkg-xP9lV4OLP3WmkvqGQ50KCa/s320/gazette+16+May+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title="">p. 250:</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title="">From London, 7 May 1722</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""></span></span></span></span></div><div><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">... The Comte de Clancarty, who was exiled outside the Kingdom for the cause of rebellion, obtained his pardon from the King and should arrive here in a few days.</span> <span class="" title="">Le Guillaume & Elisabeth, arrived at the Dunes of Saint Christophe, having been looted by the Pirates a few days after I left.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsmdih0k6plaJeNczWkYDjh92Nz5XTICfiv3OJf5NEAwrj8-VcRMKBN8odnNy547d5cUDhZc9kXpsHVCyEcOqWpgKzMTMTpkaMRhpZz8IBBuIOwkJ2geiDn7qJWBzNQHOOZSKX/s732/gazette+23+May+1722.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="732" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsmdih0k6plaJeNczWkYDjh92Nz5XTICfiv3OJf5NEAwrj8-VcRMKBN8odnNy547d5cUDhZc9kXpsHVCyEcOqWpgKzMTMTpkaMRhpZz8IBBuIOwkJ2geiDn7qJWBzNQHOOZSKX/s320/gazette+23+May+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 256-257:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">From Lisbon, April 16, 1722.<br /><br />From Lisbon -<br /><br />An
Order must be published immediately against those who defraud the
rights of the Roy [king], & nineteen traders of this city accuse
& convinced of having made further declarations of their goods, were
condemned these days proceed to be transported to India , & they
have embarked on the ship that left for Goa, from where they will no
longer have the freedom to return.<br />... We have received notice - by a
courier of Don Louis d'Acunha Minister of Roy [king] from there Majeste
Trés-Chrestienne, that Don Louis L'ouis de Meneses Comte d'Ericeyra,
above Viceroy des Indes Orientales, quoting from Goa to return to this
Kingdom, embarked on a Portuguese vessel which had the misfortune of
being attacked & taken by the Forbans [Pirates], at the height of
the Isle of Saint Laurent or of Madagascar: that these Pirates, after
having taken all its effects & plundered the Vessel, had put it
ashore at the Isle of Bourbon: that it had embarked there a few days
later on a Vessel of the Compagnie des Indes from France, & that he
had happily arrived at the Port d'Orient in Brittany.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO8bhnmgBbmh4PQMnwN1cOlE20p6pzJMkzJ61FDQVjfPvnbX8OnzIaprL4gDMJuerFfJtPDLztjzU85OTVTGI7gUlbZmzcsKLciG5chIP9OxhtvkgNa7L-wSmykE8TvQlaZC4P/s750/gazette+11+July+1722.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="258" data-original-width="750" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO8bhnmgBbmh4PQMnwN1cOlE20p6pzJMkzJ61FDQVjfPvnbX8OnzIaprL4gDMJuerFfJtPDLztjzU85OTVTGI7gUlbZmzcsKLciG5chIP9OxhtvkgNa7L-wSmykE8TvQlaZC4P/s320/gazette+11+July+1722.PNG" width="320" /></a></div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">p. 347:</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">From London, July 2, 1722</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title="">... We received advice from Barbados, that the Hyrondelle, warship commanded by Captain Ogle, had surprised on the Coste de Guinee three Forbans [Pirates], one of thirty-eight guns commanded by the famous Robert[;] the Comte</span> <span class="" title="">de Toulouze, French ship of thirty guns, which a few years ago captured by these Pirates, and a third of lesser consequence, and that he had led them to Cape-Coast, with two hundred crew members who were locked up</span> <span class="" title="">in the Chasteau [Castle].</span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title="">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><div style="text-align: left;">
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<span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div></div>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-33209333643604860752020-06-07T20:08:00.002-07:002020-06-07T23:28:37.716-07:00Pirate References in Le Nouveau Mercure - June 1718<br />
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p. 174-175:</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
OF JUNE<br />
<br />
SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL<br />
In Lisbon, June 8<br />
<br />
... A large English forban [pirate] having entered the River on the 3rd during a very thick fog, landed a vessel of his Nation, which to have its charge, cut the Cables, took it away with impunity: it has just arrived a [French frigate] which led here a Corsair of Salé, assembled of 38 pieces of Canon & 130 men of crew: He had taken an English vessel coming from the Ladders of the Levant.<br />
<br />
We have just heard that the flotilla from Brazil was within reach of the Coasts of Portugal. Two richly loaded Spanish vessels, coming from the South Sea, before met on their way to the sea, joined her to take advantage of her escort, & for not to be surprised by the Forbans [pirates] who crossed in these Seas.<br />
<br />
<br />
p. 212-213:<br />
<br />
JOURNAL OF PARIS. <br />
<br />
... On the 30th, we learned that 3 Maloinish [Malines, the French name for the Flemish city of Mechelen in modern Belgium] Vessels escaping from Sieur Martinet in the South Sea, have returned to S. Malo. Their return consoled the Maloins a little for the loss of the former. There is no more surprising advance war than that which happened to them on the way. They meet at the height of S. Domingue, 2 pirates, one of 250 men of crew, & the other, of 200. These before sent on board a boat with six officers, came to offer them piastres, to barter for some goods they said they needed. They were gladly satisfied on the spot: But, the boat would not soon have rejoined its vessels, that these pirates were flying the black flag with the skulls. As the Maloins were too weak to resist, they decided to echo each other, at the risk of perishing. Honestly for the latter, it rose a moment after a wind so violent, that it raised them up and threw them back into the open sea, without being damaged. On the contrary, these corsairs having begun a little too much to follow their [prey?], the same wind which had saved some, soon caused the loss of the others; since the largest of these pirates went to burn a moment later, against a Rock, & the second was carried on a sand bank where he ground. It was not possible for the Maloins to approach it, because the wind thwarts they deem it more appropriate to continue their journey. They report that there are on these 2 vessels, more than 12 million in piastas, taken from the Portuguese.</div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B084RV459W/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i5">Quest for Blackbeard: The True Story of Edward Thache and His World </a></span></div>
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Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-14384024972681268882020-06-07T18:11:00.000-07:002020-06-07T18:11:44.730-07:00Pirate References in Le Nouveau Mercure - April 1718<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7AFteY5nZtu-CuTPnJTwZ6xiphjAsWJjf1c6HU0LyWLdr9KUjRPumWNa571vC1GWTgBDIygg4loX3FHpwCanN_bPjH7b9s1IJ-K9a-4LuPMgNbuBsxTRgi2EQSwAdrzAXiAOA/s609/mercure+avril+1718.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="312" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7AFteY5nZtu-CuTPnJTwZ6xiphjAsWJjf1c6HU0LyWLdr9KUjRPumWNa571vC1GWTgBDIygg4loX3FHpwCanN_bPjH7b9s1IJ-K9a-4LuPMgNbuBsxTRgi2EQSwAdrzAXiAOA/s320/mercure+avril+1718.PNG" width="204" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 148<br /></div><div><br /></div><div>MILORDS ET MESSIEURS</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">... It is written from Carolina that 60 Pirates came to return to the Governor, and 200 others, with one of their Commandants, to the Governor [Bennett] of Bermuda.<br /><br />It has been said at Jamaica, that Captain Jennings [at least for Jennings, surrendered in Bermuda] Chief of the Pirates, & 4 or 5 others of the most considerable, also submitted in accordance with the Proclamation of the King.<br /><br />Captain Rogers, who was on his departure for the Isle of Providence, in order to unearth the Forbans [pirates], received a counter-order, leaving that the Court was informed that these Corsairs are so well fortified, & are so great number, that it is not possible to [subdue] them with little force: That thus, one will be obliged to increase those which were designed for this expedition.</span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">p. 159:</span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">PORTUGAL,</span><br /><br /><span class="" title="">In Lisbon, April 6.</span></span></span></div><div><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">... We also suspended the armament of 8 larger warships, & we stopped working on the construction of 5 new warships, & two new [frigates] which had been placed on the sites, for about 12 days</span> <span title="">.</span> <span title="">Only two second-tier vessels will be armed, in addition to those that served in the Levant last year;</span> <span class="" title="">& all our naval forces will make up this campaign only of 16 vessels of line & 4 [frigates], which will be used to convoy our merchant fleets, & to cross on the Corsairs of Salé, & on the English pirates who sail these seas,</span> <span class="" title="">where they often take.</span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title="">p. 160:</span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><br /></span></span></span></div><div><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="" title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">SPAIN.<br /><br />In A Coruña: 6.<br /><br />Of the 4 warships of the Spanish squadron which flit along the Coté pour la lurete du Commerce, 2 made re-enter this Pig with two of the biggest Corsairs of Salé which they took after three hours of combat, between this place & Vigo. One of the Saltins vessels was mounted with 84 pieces of cannon & 280 men of Crews: They also brought back three vessels; to know, two Portuguese & an Englishman, that these Pirates had taken off the boat in the evening towards the Cape of Finestere; the other two Spanish ships there entered at one o'clock in the afternoon, with two English Forbans taken twelve thousand miles below the Cape of Bilbao, where these Forbans had been cruising for three weeks. All the crews of these sea skimmers, which number more than 700, were to leave this port in a few days, to be transported to Cadiz where they will be used to reinforce the Chiourmes des Galeres. We were working to repair the two Saltins Vessels which are new and very good sailing ships, to join them to the wing, which, after linking, to join it to the wing, which, after this junction, will be separated in two, from 9 warships each; one of which will cross to the costes of Andalusia, & the other, on the Coasts of Galicia & Vizcaya, to enhance trade in Spain & Portugal with other Foreign Nations. In case of rupture with England, these two squadrons will join to compose with those which one builds in the ports of these Costes; which will form a small fleet of 25 warships.</span></span></span></span></div>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-35390564299918849372020-06-07T15:26:00.001-07:002020-06-07T15:29:31.211-07:00Pirate References in Le Nouveau Mercure - September 1718<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCt4421bftXqdFrO3x-yomhBMaL_-1DTpr_Pr_PJXjlBV4ysg_Bwf7t4xCbIF4dAfr9FRZ9abBjVcK0JfPdO4JR2eD97zzMgcfX7Ud3-USSUGKhEnlFg6iTQswiZ6Pu2b-MlsI/s596/mercure+sep+1718.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="331" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCt4421bftXqdFrO3x-yomhBMaL_-1DTpr_Pr_PJXjlBV4ysg_Bwf7t4xCbIF4dAfr9FRZ9abBjVcK0JfPdO4JR2eD97zzMgcfX7Ud3-USSUGKhEnlFg6iTQswiZ6Pu2b-MlsI/s320/mercure+sep+1718.PNG" width="245" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 129:<br /></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">"</span></span><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">List of Spanish vessels taken, burn, sink, bottom, & of those who escape;</span><br /><span title="">Vessels caught."</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">Letters from Bermuda indicate that several of the English Forbans, who returned there to accept the pardon of Roy, went back to start their piracies again.</span> <span title="">As their number increases in the Isle of Providence, and since they have taken several considerable captures recently, the Court cannot dispense with sending larger forces to America to dislodge them.</span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 134-135:</span></span></div><div><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">GALICIA [province in Spain].</span><br /><br /><span title="">In Coruña on September 11.</span><br /><br /><span title="">On the afternoon of the 6th, 4 of the largest warships, which sailed along this coast on the Ostend shipowners, on the Corsairs & the Forbans [pirates], set sail from here for Cadiz, with three [frigates] & 22 cargo ships</span> <span title="">, on which 38,000 Infantry Men, & 900 horses, both Cavalry and Dragons, were embarked.</span> <span title="">These troops who confined here during the summer, will disembark in Cadiz, from where they will go by land to Malaga;</span> <span title="">the Regiment of Catalan Dragons which left here yesterday morning to go to embark in Vigo, having been unable to do so for lack of vessels.</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">p. 137-138:</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><br /><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">In Vigo on September 11<br /><br />A Madrid Express arrived yesterday evening, with orders from the Court to our Commander, to silence from this Port all the war ships that are ready to set sail. We embarked on these vessels, about 366 prisoners that our 2 [frigates] took from 2 Ostend shipowners.<br /><br />It has been two days since we started to record the new levies made recently in this Kingdom: They will compose 2 infantry regiments of 16 companies, of 50 men each, & will only form a battalion of 800 men each . The Horses intended to put together the new regiments of Cavalry & Dragons are expected tomorrow.<br /><br />The two [frigates] who are Coastguards here, recently brought two large Forbans [pirates], of 182 crew each: They took them thirty miles from this port: They have been cruising for three months under the Imperial flag, saying Ostend shipowners. As it was recognized that their patents were false, they were all put in irons, as were the crew of a Corsair from Algiers, whom the same [frigates] had removed eight days previously; & waits until the Commander is a Venetian renegade he will send to Seville, to be judged by the Inquiry.</span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">p. 140:</span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">ANDALUSIA.</span><br /><br /><span class="" title="">In Cadiz, September 10.</span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title="">One of our Frigates returned to the Port on the 15th, with a shipowner of thirty pieces of cannon, and sixty men the crew of different Nations.</span> <span title="">Although this building was taken bearing the </span><span title="">Imperial pavilion, all the crews have been locked up in the prisons of this City;</span> <span title="">being suspected of being a forban [pirate].</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><span title=""><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-90876995583865210092020-06-07T14:33:00.001-07:002020-06-07T14:34:42.402-07:00Pirate Reference in Le Nouveau Mercure - April 1719<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq7ZxYKDf-aND420uloYBZZjtiTxReUALB2UrSTJuZfvksyDET8wFHZoza7sX1VstxiHWXYhV17ceDD1Ra-3VjxmcsWN9umm7PBuPXnriPb4XVDA-t2mVrPWab6xD4kGfbnwyb/s621/mercure+april+1719.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="621" data-original-width="316" height="569" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq7ZxYKDf-aND420uloYBZZjtiTxReUALB2UrSTJuZfvksyDET8wFHZoza7sX1VstxiHWXYhV17ceDD1Ra-3VjxmcsWN9umm7PBuPXnriPb4XVDA-t2mVrPWab6xD4kGfbnwyb/s320/mercure+april+1719.PNG" width="290" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>p. 206-207:<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">In Cadiz on April 12.<br /><br />We got advice from Vigo, that the two [frigates] crossing along from the Galician [NW Iberian Peninsula] coast, had brought there two Ostend shipowners whom they had removed [taken] on the 3rd of this month, 20 miles beyond the Canary Islands: they had taken up at the same time a Spanish vessel coming from Mexico, richly loaded. A [frigate] of 40 pieces of cannon & 200 men of Crew, similarly led in the port of A Coruña [port in Galicia] a large merchant vessel, carrying the imperial flag, which it had taken towards the Cape of Saint Mary [Newfoundland]. This same [frigate] to have brought an English forban [pirate] there that she had met near Cape S. Vincent</span><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en">.<br /><br />By Letters from Barcelona of the 4th of this month, we learned that the convoy which was in the harbor of this place, had been held there for 10 days by the headwinds. There were still 15 ships from Alicante [port of Valencia, Spain] waiting for them, under the escort of a warship & a frigate.<br /><br />Two Engineers were ordered to go to Terragona [Mediterranean coast of Spain], to hasten the works on this Place, & to add new works there. These Engineers must then go to the Isles des Alsache [Alsace, France]; which are at the mouth of the Ebro [river in Spain], to build some redoubts there.</span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjePaZ0VexMlGDkJfrPxSe1NyJB0-5bqWJ91G68JPdZ0fH5y7H71SaEftPOFbc958VaBYr2de-89bBVTUXPO6zFoZ0A1hyphenhyphenIVfLGSldMSWOBfO4GSLCKez6AvfTDzms3bKH5ZC8r/s857/spain+map.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="857" height="365" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjePaZ0VexMlGDkJfrPxSe1NyJB0-5bqWJ91G68JPdZ0fH5y7H71SaEftPOFbc958VaBYr2de-89bBVTUXPO6zFoZ0A1hyphenhyphenIVfLGSldMSWOBfO4GSLCKez6AvfTDzms3bKH5ZC8r/s320/spain+map.PNG" width="479" /></a></div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><br /></span></div>Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-17121595046321325582020-06-07T01:02:00.004-07:002020-06-08T07:54:19.246-07:00La Gazette Pirate References 1723-4<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKSTqUT_6JWMdi3o0kHSDEXceXx4-_O9MAQ5dYxZkUUYC0Bn3jJqsucFcVv86K54XD5d09e9vZqTxgUfxApwPdpHGfyy0CFLeOsaBJFlEixidVZDCCQ7MfgBgn85HqjOcu8Nkm/s1600/gazette+20+Feb+1723.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="144" data-original-width="402" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKSTqUT_6JWMdi3o0kHSDEXceXx4-_O9MAQ5dYxZkUUYC0Bn3jJqsucFcVv86K54XD5d09e9vZqTxgUfxApwPdpHGfyy0CFLeOsaBJFlEixidVZDCCQ7MfgBgn85HqjOcu8Nkm/s320/gazette+20+Feb+1723.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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p. 94: <br />
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From London on 11 February 1723.<br />
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... Letters from the City of Yorck in Virginia state that the Weymouth English Warship had brought such a rich Forban [pirate] to Philadelphia that the share of the Captain & crew in this catch amounted to 100,000 pounds.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggVIexJSYdOu4F1OGGkozYQaUvMsXy2qopgXQLs7MMaBalrFu2cfIgtdpZJmTIPJv_UD3yxSEOuXYtJSuGWFjKZG8PmwUpcxAFwaTq_i9DASj6j5bvpGw0VYLYjTemo5WuRpDg/s1600/gazette+13+march+1723.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="141" data-original-width="402" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggVIexJSYdOu4F1OGGkozYQaUvMsXy2qopgXQLs7MMaBalrFu2cfIgtdpZJmTIPJv_UD3yxSEOuXYtJSuGWFjKZG8PmwUpcxAFwaTq_i9DASj6j5bvpGw0VYLYjTemo5WuRpDg/s320/gazette+13+march+1723.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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p. 129:<br />
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From London, 4 March 1723<br />
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... It is written from Jamaica that the Porckm commanded by Captain Child & another Vessel commanded by Captain Forn, were taken both within a few days of distance by a Forban [pirate] of thirty-two pieces of cannon; Corck's letters to Ireland dated 12th of last month indicate that Mr. Shute Governor of New England has arrived there a few days ago.<br />
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p. 187: <br />
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From Rome, March 13, 1723<br />
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... The Captain of an English Vessel newly arrived from the Isles of the Archipelago, reported that three Forbans [pirates] carrying unknown flags, had taken two merchant vessels there, and that they had massacred their crews.<br />
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p. 272:<br />
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From London on May 27, 1723.<br />
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... Le Roy [king] granted the title of Knight to Captain Ogle Commanding the Swallow warship, with which he took a few months ago three Forbans [pirates].<br />
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p. 334-335:<br />
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From London, July 1st, 1723<br />
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On the 29th of last month, the gilder Accerbury, above Evesque de Rochester, was taken from the Tower to the edge of the River, where he entered an Admiralty Ship which took him to the Vessel of War which was equipped for the drive to Ostendé. The daughter of this Prelate, Mr. Morisse his son-in-law & several servants embark on the same Vessel to make up with him in foreign countries. He was accompanied to the Vessel by the Duke of Warthon his friend, and by Colonel Williamson Deputy Governor of the Tower, followed by a few Guards. The sale of furniture and paintings of this Prelata amounted to four thousand six hundred thirty pounds sterling, & its Library was completed by several Lords. Sieur Kelly & Sieur Pluncket, who have sentenced her to a life sentence, will be driven shortly, the first to Chasteau de Hurst near Limington, & the other to Fort Sandown in the Isle of Wight, where they will each have twenty Schelings per week for their food. The 28 on the four o'clock in the afternoon, the fire started in a shop near the house of the Company of the Indies: it on completely consumed, as well as three sailing houses & some other shops, where there were a lot of goods belonging to Various interested in the Turkish Trade, and we estimate that the damage caused by this fire amounts to nearly one hundred and fifty thousand pounds sterling. The following night three or four other houses & several stables were burned the district of Saint Gilles, but this second accident did not cause such a considerable loss. Lord Southwell & Colonel Pitt fought last week in a Pépée & pistol duel: the first received a shot in the arm, & the second had only a slight bruise. Richard Newport Earl of Bradfort in the Province of Shropshire or Salop, Lieutenant de Roy of the same Province & Member of the Privy Council, died on the 25th in a very advanced age: the Viscount of Newport his son succeeded him in his titles & in his goods. <br />
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[separation added] We received notice that the Griffon Vessel commanded by Captain Taylor to have been taken by Forbans [pirates] while returning from Jamaïca, & that the Ester who had gone from Genes to Messina to have been seized by a Corsair from Tripoli, crazy gre text that 'he was not equipped with Paileports in good shape. The South Sea Company announced that its Transport Books would be closed on the 2nd of this month to work on fixing the dividend for the six months that have passed at Saint John. That of the East Indies must also incessantly link the expiration due to the same term. It is rumored that the Knight Jean Norris who led the Roy to Holland, will be made a peer of Great Britain. <br />
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[The whole page was included for the names (Humphrey? of Bank of England) Morisse and Plunket (Robert? of RAC fort in Sierra Leone, Africa) may both refer to pirates and their associates, victims, etc.]<br />
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<br />
p. 393-394:<br />
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From London on August 6, 1723.<br />
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On the 30th of last month, the Count of Cadogan received the general review of the three Guard Regiments who camp at Hydeparc, in the presence of the Lords Justiciers & several people of consideration. Five vessels are currently being built at Wolwich & Deptfort which will be sent to America to cruise against the Forbans. On the 3rd of this month we launched into the water in the last of these two Ports a warship of seventy-two pieces of cannon, & in the afternoon we repeated the experience that we had already had a maneuver with which one can enter whatever port this silk despite the wind & the opposite tide. The Duke of Grafton will leave for Dublin on the 9th, where he will assemble the Parliament of Ireland, and his crews have already taken the lead. On the 3rd, the Election of the Chevalier Williams was declared legitimate in place of Alderman for the district of Cripplegate.<br />
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p. 442:<br />
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From London there on September 1, 1723.<br />
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The Jamaican Fleet, which left on June 30, happily arrived in the Ports of this Kingdom, under the escort of the Adventure Warship. Several vessels from that of Turkey also entered the river with a very considerable charge. Captain Cornouaille commanding the Scherbourg who arrived in Plimouth with the Vessels of Jamaica, reported that the Commander of the Vessel la Cassandre, famous Forban [pirate], who asked the Roy [king] a few months ago to grant him his pardon, had gone to Porto-bello: that he had gone there to the Spaniards from this place on advantageous conditions, and that it was rumored there that he had on his board a very considerable part of rough diamonds & already more precious goods from India.<br />
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p. 528: <br />
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From Madrid, October 12, 1723.<br />
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... Dutch Galiote named Agathe who returned to Texel, was taken on the 15th by a Corsair Saltin four leagues from La Cosse, but Captain Hans-Rood who commanded it, had the happiness of fleeing in his Rowboat with his sailors. The letters of the Baye of all the Saints of June 10, last carry that one does not find any more Forbans [pirates] in the Seas of the Country nor of the coast of Rio-de-Janeiro, since the Fregates Guards-Costes crossed there. They add that there had arrived a Ship of the Indies with merchant buildings belonging to the Negocians of the City of Porto, & that they awaited the arrival of the convoy of Fernambuque in order to be able to go to this Kingdom with less risk: than the country was abundantly supplied with food and merchandise from England and the North; but it was not believed that the harvest of Sugar & Tobacco was very considerable because of the great drought.<br />
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p 617-618: <br />
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From London there on December 9, 1723.<br />
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... On the 4th, the Duchessè de Marlboroueh wife of the Comte de Godolphin gave birth. Captain Boyd, commanding the Elisabeth vessel, who recently arrived from Antigoa, reported that the storm of September 20 last, which we talked about some time ago, had killed more than thirty merchant ships around this Isle. The Merchants of this City have received notice that the Princess Ship commanded by Captain Wickstad has arrived in Barbados, after having been piled [pilfered] by the famous pirate Lowthez [Lowther] last September 14, & that the Rebeca commanded by Captain Webster & the Happy Return had been wrecked in the West Indies. <br />
<br />Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-2562504070532763502020-02-28T19:49:00.000-08:002020-02-29T07:59:13.373-08:00Private Proprietary Pirates - Early Capitalism in America, 1700<br />
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A letter from Edward Randolph depicts the arrogance of aristocratic oligarchs known as the Lords Proprietors in England and the negligence they placed upon their private possessions in the American colonies, particularly Carolina, the Bahamas, and New Jersey. This was a prime example of the dangers of private control in the matters of government. Privatization at this level facilitated piracy in the Bahamas as well as multiple abuses across America. Indeed, it began the development of America by the Stuarts of England as a criminal domain, given as gifts to these aristocrats who were charged with the theft of all the possessions of Spain "beyond the lines of amity" or friendship! This attitude remained in America through the reign of the Stuart Dynasty - nearly the entire 17th century - until the ascendancy of the Whigs, or more liberal administrators of England took control after the "Glorious Revolution of 1688." Still, the damage was already done.<br />
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These pervasive criminal tendencies involved theft, slavery, murder, extortion, bribery, rampant smuggling so far from authorities, 3,000 miles away in England. It probably infested the nascent United States with the same ubiquitous criminal element and led to the Confederate States of America attempting to maintain this criminal West-Indian society, slavery, and all the abuses that accrued hereto during the Civil War (1861-1865). And, it likely led to many abuses we find in government today under the outlaw Trump Administration. We are indeed, as "Capt. Charles Johnson," the author of <i>A General History of the Pyrates, </i>called us in 1724, a "Commonwealth of Pyrates!"<br />
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This is just a small window into the behavior of the men that came to rape Spain's colonial lands - before the development of the "Flying Gang" of Benjamin Hornigold in the Bahamas almost two decades later. Edward Randolph tried to warn the Board of Trade of the dangers still infesting these waters because of these criminal creoles. Many of today's Americans are their descendants. <br />
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March 25, 1700 New Providence [separated for readability]<br />
<br />
Edward Randolph to the Council of Trade and Plantations. Begins as March 11.<br />
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I am, I thank God, in health but not recovered of the lameness I got in gaol at Bermuda. I landed [at New Providence] the 10th inst.[March 1700] and finding Mr. Read Elding (tho'illegally, yet) actually in the possession of the Government,<br />
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... the next day, after some debate [I] had with him [Elding], I administered to him the oath, though several objections were at that time made to the contrary, viz. that he assumed the Government by virtue of an illegal commission clandestinely obtained from [Nicholas] Webb, being also contrary to the Lords Proprietors' instructions which direct the method of appointing another Governor, in case of the death or departure of the present.<br />
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Besides, Webb went away on a suddaine to Philadelphia, not having first advised with the Council nor had the consent of any one of them about his appointing Elding his Deputy, which was not known to any of them till Webb was under sail, so that the Government is of right invested in Mr. Richard Peterson, a Lords' Deputy and the first in Council.<br />
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But they, finding the inhabitants divided and ready to cast off all Government, chose rather to sit still than hazard the peace of the country, and expect the Lords Proprietors' directions in that matter.<br />
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But the chief thing before I gave the oath that I scrupled at [had a problem with] was, that Elding, under pretence of a commission to him from Webb to apprehend pirates, etc., piratically seized a briganteen of Boston, John Edwards, Master.<br />
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Webb, Elding, and the others to whom he had given the like commissions, shared the money they found aboard.<br />
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Elding does not only brave it out [take advantage of?] upon the Commission Webb gave him to be Lieutenant Governor, but supports himself in the lawfulness of the other commission to take pirates, but sets a very high value upon his services by the accidental seizing Hind the pirate and afterwards executing six of his accomplices.<br />
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Hind and four of his men were surprised upon an island 10 or 12 leagues from hence by a Bermuda man [Bermuda vessel]: the three others were taken by chance and executed also, but one of the four, having nothing proved against him, [though he] was discharged and sent by Elding to cut logwood at Campeach, run away, and [Elding] believes his good services against Hind, etc., will expiate for his own piracy upon Edwards.<br />
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[Elding] a day or two ago caned Mr. Gower, a Lords' Deputy, most severely, and keeps him in prison, for questioning his power to appoint a Judge to try the pirates, a thing questioned by all the Lords' Deputys.<br />
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Their Lordships [Lords Proprietors] at home are very careless and ignorant of their own interest and of the good of the inhabitants. Though many complaints upon just grounds are made to them, praying for relief, yet they take no notice of it, nor of the most arbitrary government of Trott and Webb; neither of the late action done by Elding against Edwards, which they had notice of, but discourse him very indifferently upon that matter.<br />
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These inhabitants are daily more unsettled, and will give little credit to what their Lordships [Proprietors] say or promise them they will do for their encouragement, when at the same time they sell and dispose of their privileges for very inconsiderable sums, as Hog Island, lying to the north of Providence, which makes the harbour, 'tis, after several grants and confirmations thereof to the inhabitants, sold to [ex-Gov] Mr. Trott for 50l., to the utter ruin to the inhabitants of this town.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheGbKhLC4rLFyLbA2mFL-VjlxoiM4HjZKhcE3WXicwHArh6Wi2TjmzGk3f2G72eNWM0ZNCv_ac2IkrbHDwsnyXZCipfXBHn6TMirS7vUZLZ4-60iXRZC83cZDBwsBQEEQQ59z5/s1600/hog+island+1700s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="233" data-original-width="597" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheGbKhLC4rLFyLbA2mFL-VjlxoiM4HjZKhcE3WXicwHArh6Wi2TjmzGk3f2G72eNWM0ZNCv_ac2IkrbHDwsnyXZCipfXBHn6TMirS7vUZLZ4-60iXRZC83cZDBwsBQEEQQ59z5/s400/hog+island+1700s.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hog Island in the Bahamas - just across Nassau Town Harbor from Nassau, New Providence Island</td></tr>
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Their Lordships [Proprietors] have likewise granted away the royalty of the whale fishing and a great part of the Island of Abbico to one Dudgeon, late Secretary and Marshall of Bermuda a sort of stock jobber, for 30 years, as appears upon record here;<br />
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... neither do they regard into whose hands the Government of these Islands comes [lawlessness].<br />
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I am well informed that for more than seven years past seldom less than four known pirates have been [on] the Council.<br />
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I brought Commissions to persons upon the place to be Officers in the Court of Admiralty, but all of them, except Ellis Lightwood, the intended Judge, are either dead or removed.<br />
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I find him [Lightwood] an ill man, and was a busy promoter of oppression in Trott's and Webb's time, as appears by the records of the Courts in which he was Judge. Besides, he is the only security for Bridgeman [Henry Bridgham], alias Every's appearing here when demanded, in one bond of 1,000l., and also for 10 or 12 of his company in a like bond of 1,000l. for each of their appearance.<br />
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I have suspended the delivery of the Commission to him for that reason. 'Tis expected that orders will be directed to some persons here to put those bonds in suit, ('twill deter others); the securities have got a great deal of money.<br />
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I know no man so fit for that service as Mr. Thomas Walker;<br />
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... as to Mr. Warren, the Attorney General, he is security also for some of Every's men.<br />
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Packer, one of that gang [Henry Avery/Bridgham's], is married to Elding's sister now in town. His Majesty will have little justice done him by Elding and others of his party, who bear all the sway here.<br />
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Webb was directed and proved an apt scholar under Trott's discipline and advice: Elding writes after his [Webb's] copy and expects to be made the Governor, by which appears the deplorable and miserable conditions the poor inflicted inhabitants have lived in from the time of their resettlement, after they were drove off and destroyed in 1680 by the Spaniards, who watch an opportunity to do the like again.<br />
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The Lords Proprietors laid out money and sent over a few arms with some ammunition to the value of 3,600l. [it actually came to just over 800l., which was the presumed profit of the Bahamas] sterling towards the defence of the country. After all their charge their fort is not serviceable. Certainly the inhabitants will either desert the place or submit to any foreign Power that will protect them.<br />
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The interests and the affairs here between the Lords and the inhabitants are so different and distracted that it will require a long time to bring them to a right understanding. From the consideration whereof I humbly propose that His Majesty will please to require Read Elding to answer in England for his piracy against Edwards, and, further, that in the meantime till there be a complete settlement in this and all other the Proprieties, that His Majesty be pleased to direct his Commission to Thomas Walker, Esq., an ingenuous man, one of the Lords' Deputies, to be the President, and to Richard Peterson [father-in-law of Adm. Judge Edmond Porter of North Carolina], a Deputy, Isaac Rush, Richard Tollefero, Thomas Williams, Martin Cook, Samuel Frith, Perient Trott, Jeremiah Wells, and John Bethel, to be the Council and to take upon them the administration of the Government of these Islands, (being all of them settled inhabitants,) during His Majesty's pleasure.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsa-i6eqocWfVImAq8YnMyhl31LUV9vuoN2zwQ-w0V6MF6-oUPSDK3bnrTSIHTOL32w_XN6EAqIEnVpMkoub9OaGayf2W3_nLY8kE0rLNPBsQk0G3MzMxH5OGFUeQHOVlkLV3t/s1600/bahamas+map+1700s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="986" data-original-width="847" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsa-i6eqocWfVImAq8YnMyhl31LUV9vuoN2zwQ-w0V6MF6-oUPSDK3bnrTSIHTOL32w_XN6EAqIEnVpMkoub9OaGayf2W3_nLY8kE0rLNPBsQk0G3MzMxH5OGFUeQHOVlkLV3t/s400/bahamas+map+1700s.png" width="342" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Probably the Draft Commissioned below... in the Library of Congress maps</td></tr>
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<br />
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I have the promise of an exact draft of these Islands and of the fort and harbour of of this town, but being presently bound to Carolina in my return to Bermuda, I have recommended the care thereof to Mr. Walker, who will make it his business to see them exactly drawn and transmit them with a complete narrative thereof to your Lordships. Signed, Ed. Randolph, S.G. Endorsed., Recd. July 20, Read July 25, 1700. Holograph. 2½ pp. Enclosed,<br />
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250. i. Abstract of above. 1¼ pp.<br />
250. ii. Copy of Read Elding's Commission from Gov. Webb to be Deputy Governor of New Providence, etc. April 13, 1699. Endorsed., Recd. July 20, 1700. 1 p.<br />
250. iii. Copy of a clause in the Lords Proprietors' Commission to their Governor about appointing Deputy Governors, Jan. 12, 1692. ½ p. Same endorsement.<br />
250. iv. Copy of Gov. Webb's Commission to Read Elding to take pirates, July 13, 1698. 1 p. Same endorsement.<br />
250. v. Copies of depositions by John Edwards, Master; Ebenezer Dennesse, Mate; and John Stiles, Boatswain; William Gray and John Ashcroft, Mariners, of the Bohemia Merchant, which was chased and piratically seized by Read Elding off Cape Florida, August 2, 1698; and of Daniel Kenney, of the Sweepstakes. 3 pp. Same endorsement.<br />
250. vi. Copy of letter from Lords Proprietors of the Bahama Islands to Gov. Webb and Council, May 27, 1699. 1¾ pp. Same endorsement.<br />
250. vii. Copy of an Order of the Grand Council, Nassau, July 8, 1690, making Hogg Island a free Common. On back, Copy of disallowance of the same by the Lords Proprietors. Sept. 21, 1699. Same endorsement. [Board of Trade. Proprieties, 5. Nos. 31, 31.i.–vii.; and (without enclosures), 26. pp. 248–256.]<br />
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<span data-offset-key="e6fl8-0-0"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-size: large;">Just published 2nd Electronic Edition of <a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/baylus-c-brooks/quest-for-blackbeard-the-true-story-of-edward-thache-and-his-world/ebook/product-24414312.html"><i>Quest for Blackbeard!</i></a><br /><br />Some
of the poorer sort went aboard pirate ships and sloops as crew,
certainly, but they usually were not as well educated as those who
navigated them. The tale of these early pirate leaders’ gentlemanly
demeanor, formerly wealthy privateers, has been confined, narrowed, and
almost eradicated by literary rhetoric. Worse still, modern historians
attempt to explain them all as an early form of democratic society,
confusing some of these gentlemen with the common people and further
skewing their reality. The people we call “pirates” today most resemble
those found in the Bahamas after 1715, driven out by 1718, scattered
refugees of a barren island and rude maritime subsistence, but the real
pirate leaders of the Golden Age were wealthy – the 97% were blamed for
the crimes of the 3%! This injustice is where we must begin the true
Quest for Blackbeard! </span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/baylus-c-brooks/quest-for-blackbeard-the-true-story-of-edward-thache-and-his-world/ebook/product-24414312.html">http://www.lulu.com/shop/baylus-c-brooks/quest-for-blackbeard-the-true-story-of-edward-thache-and-his-world/ebook/product-24414312.html</a><br /> </span></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="e6fl8-0-0"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-size: large;">Only $0.99... so, please read. Understand the need for #Resistance<br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Golden-Republican-Political-History-America-ebook/dp/B082XJ3ZVZ/ref=sr_1_4?keywords=trump+commonwealth&qid=1579900044&s=digital-text&sr=1-4">https://www.amazon.com/Golden-Republican-Political-History-America-ebook/dp/B082XJ3ZVZ/ref=sr_1_4?keywords=trump+commonwealth&qid=1579900044&s=digital-text&sr=1-4 </a></span></span></span></div>
Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29201318.post-39172779653167966912020-02-17T22:46:00.001-08:002020-02-17T22:49:51.564-08:00Capture of Le Victorieux or Victory by pirate Jeremiah Cocklyn! <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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From the French deposition of the captain of the ship that was chased, captured, and taken by pirates Jeremiah Cocklyn, Olivier LeVassuer, and Richard Taylor off the west coast of Africa before they rounded the Cape of Good Hope for Madagascar!<br />
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ACCIM f°169-177(f° 169) Juillet 1720, Prise et abandonnement du vaisseau le Victorieux, capitaine Hais de Nantes. N°22<br />
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This is the first half of a long and detailed deposition given by the captain of <i>Le Victorieux</i>, or <i>Victory</i>, used by pirates to take the East Indian Merchant vessel <i>Cassandra</i> just north of Madagascar in 1720. This unfortunate ship was earlier confused by Nathaniel Mist, writing as "Capt. Charles Johnson," with the <i>Petersborough</i> of Bristol. This record has been edited by the author for readability.<br />
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Of the fifth of July, seven thousand and twenty (5/7/1720), the Sir Interested on the body, faction, armament and victualling of the vessel <i>Le Victorieux</i> commanded by the Captain Guillaume Hais of Nantes, who declared that the said ship would have left the the bottom of the river of the said city [Nantes] on 30 December one thousand seven hundred eighteen (30/12/1718) for the coast of Guinea to make the trade of the blacks [slaves], that two days after said departure, he suffered an impetuous and contrary wind to his navigation, which demasted his little mast and his parrot, and after repairs, he made his way and sailed until the twenty-fourth of February, seventeen hundred and nineteen (24/2/1719) that they moored at Mesura [Cape Mesurade], on the Coste de Guinea to make wood and water and rice which they thought they needed. They stayed six days without finding in this place the rice and the water which they needed, from whence they traveled to Jonck to find rice there - they found none; And thence made their way for the same needs to Petit Sestre (Little Seashore), where they anchored and sent their canoe ashore to make proposals for the ordinary trade with the King.<br />
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That the negroes of this place came aboard the boat to get what they wanted, that the officer who was on board the boat told [to them] that they came there to trade for rice, that on this answer the said negroes asked a crewman to go with them to make the request to the King, and as is the custom, the officer gave them a man named Pierre Meunier of La Rochelle, but hardly was this sailor ashore, the negro seized him and fired the weapons with which they were armed at the boat and wounded in the thigh a sailor named Jean Moisson de Quiberon, forcing the officer of the said boat to return to the ship to advise his captain, who in the plan of re-acquainting his sailor, took the party of to conceal the insult [to save face?], and sent his canoe and his armed boat, to shoot [at] the negroes. He commanded the crew to keep safe, and fire only for the purpose to impose respect, but the negroes fired on the boat, and as soon as the crew saw them within range of their arms, the crew of the said boats and canoes retired on board, because their number was too few to make shore, the negroes being too numerous, and the landing too difficult because of the "big land."<br />
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They set sail and anchored at Grand Sestre seven leagues away where they spent three days making water and rice. The negroes of this place told them that what they had experienced happened because the fact that the English went there every day under the French flag, to make incursions on their coast and take them off under the pretext of trade. Capt. Hais assured them that they would not be harmed by his sailor [Pierre Meunier], that they would withdraw him from their neighbors [at Petit Sestre] to return him to the first French ship [which should arrive], for which the said captain offered them at present some goods in the hope of having his sailor back. But having no appearance of having it, he left only a note for the King of the said Sestre, begging all the French ships to withdraw the said sailor with a promise to repay what had been paid for him. From there [Hais] traveled [sailed] to Judah, the place of their destination, where they arrived on the twenty-second of March following (22/3/1719).<br />
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That on the twenty-third of the said month, the said captain went ashore to establish his trade in the ordinary, which they were tranquil in the said ship until the twenty-second of June (22/6/1719), at four or five o'clock in the afternoon, when three rogue ships [LeVasseur in <i>Duke of Ormond</i> and Cocklyn in <i>Speedwell/Windham/Bird </i>(former vessel of William Snelgrave) and Richard Taylor in <i>Comrade</i>] entered the said port under the English flag, and distinguished themselves only when they were near the said vessel <i>Le Victorieux</i>, where the Sieur Edouard Hais [first mate] commanded on board, having recognized them, their being seen firing cannons and flying the black flag, cut two cables on the bitts and set sail, that [First mate Hais] had barely thirty men on board, of which half were sick, and that while fleeing he saw five ships, three of which were Portuguese, one English [<i>Heroine</i>, former master Richard Blincko] and one French from La Rochelle, and that he had only been followed for half an hour by two of the said pirates, and having borne his planks far off, he stood far off and anchored the fifth day after his escape. <br />
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[First mate Edourd Hais] had gone twenty-eight leagues west of Judah, whence he wrote to his brother captain [Guillaume Hais] of the said ship, who had been left in Judah [Whydah], to inform him where he was; and that he received a reply from the captain on the tenth of July (10/7/1719) ordering him to return to Judah [since the pirates had moved off], where he went to anchor on the eleventh of that month. For thirty days they could not make shore, the bar being impassable, which caused them considerable trouble and caused sickness to the people who had remained ashore. Of the boat [of <i>Le Victorieux</i>?] which the rogues seized upon, the boat wherein seventy iron bars were and several casks full of water, which said boat was delivered by a sailor named Jacques Carré [James Cary] Irishman who took sides with the said pirates; and that the said pirates were forty, thirty-two, and eight cannon.<br />
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And that on the twenty-eighth of the month of July there appeared two ships [LeVasseur in <i>Duke of Ormond</i> and Cocklyn in <i>Speedwell/Windham/Bird</i>], which were still believed to be pirates, information they had learned from the crews that had been ransomed by the above-mentioned pirates, that [the two pirates] went to fetch the said ship <i>Le Victorieux</i>, and when they did not find her, they came back to take [<i>Le Victorieux</i>] in the harbor, which obliged [Capt. Guillaume Hais] to cut a third new cable, and to sail. He fought the sea for five days, at the end of which he returned with the said ship, after having learned by a Portuguese boat that there was nothing to fear for him to enter. [But, the captain lamented] the pitiful condition of his ship and crew, which was fatigued by work, of the little food and heavy weather which they had suffered, and which he believed not that he was in a position to maneuver the said vessel, his people are wracked by fever and scurvy. That on the frequent notices and representations of all the officers, majors, and marines, the said captain determined in concert with the said officers to pass to the island of Sao Tomé, with the captives of two Portuguese ships taken by the pirates and return on the coast of this Harbor of Judah, more in relation to the absolute need of the crew of the two Portuguese ships than of the cargo of their slaves, and also by the hope that the sailors of his boat, which he had long time on land and those of his tent and his store, all of whom were sick, would recover by the air of the sea, and that the others who were on board, attacked by fever and scurvy, could be restored to the place of Saint Thomé by the refreshments that the captains of the said Portuguese were obliged to provide them on land and on board in the hopes the said crews would be restored, to follow the course of their journey, and that they left Judah 15 Sep one thousand seven hundred and nineteen (15/9/1719) with three hundred and sixty negroes, having lost ninety of the number of four hundred and fifty that said Captain Hays had treated before the arrival and departure of the pirates, they did their best to reach Saint Thomé, but the winds having always been contrary, as well as the tides, they were obliged to anchor at Prince's [Isle de Principe] Island.<br />
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From the eleventh of September (11/9/1719) they stayed there until the fourth of October. And that during their stay at Isle de Principe, two of these sailors, who had needed to see the [fresh water] ponds to resupply the ship, and who had come down to work in the road [prob. stream], were suddenly smothered by the steam of the waters which were infected. The one named Charles Mandier, and the other Roger, and that six of their comrades remained unconscious and without knowledge, and would have perished if they had not been rescued in the moment, which the said captain and all his officers and the pitiful state where they were, the sick captain, the great number of the dead crew, almost the whole scorbutic or attacked with fevers, and convinced of the sad experience they had just made, that the plague was in their brink; being without cables and anchors, only one left to them. Finally, seeing themselves out of state, they could not continue their voyage without food which the Portuguese masters of the place offered to give them, provided that the said captain would sell them his ship with his captives [slaves] to carry to Brazil, offering in this case to provide him with a crew to make up for the weakness of his own who were not in a state to sail his ship. [Hais] was obliged to accept in the opinion of all his officers majors and mariners because he had to pay in Brazil fifty pounds of gold for the value of the ship, and one hundred and fifty pounds of gold for the value of the slaves. Said Captain Hais running the risks of the ship and the Portuguese of the mortality of the blacks until they made the locality of Brazil, all was contracted in the presence of said officers majors and mariners who signed them. And left this place of the Isle de Principe last October 4 (4/10/1719).<br />
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That the ninth of that month [October], thirty leagues windward of said Isle de Principe in the company of a Portuguese ship which had followed them from Judah, They were chased by a pirate ship [Cocklyn in <i>Speedwell/Windham/Bird/Defiance? </i>These pirates seemed to change names often, though <i>Defiance </i>may have been a newer ship], but the night came and they lost sight of it as well as the said Portuguese [consort] vessel, and continued their journey till the following day, four o'clock in the afternoon, that the look-out warned that another ship was taking the opposite course. They thought at first that it was the Portuguese, but seeing him back in their waters they feared he was a pirate. And indeed, at seven o'clock in the evening he approached them, fired a cannon and hoisted the black flag on the mainmast, with command to hove to. they recognized that he was a pirate of thirty-four guns, with two hundred men Captain Carrot [Cocklyn], not being able to resist and fearing the misfortunes that follow a useless resistance with the pirates, Capt. Hais hove to and the pirates seized this ship <i>Le Victorieux</i>, and having sent their boat, twenty five armed men, came on board, together. Said Captain Hais and the first mate his brother [Edourd], were detained on board with five others of their crew, and that two days later the barbarians made them understand that they were leading them to Anabon to give the ship <i>Le Victorieux</i> to another pirate named Labuse [LeVasseur].<br />
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On the way to the said Anabon they met an English ship [<i>Petersborough</i>, Capt. William Owen?] from Bristol loaded with two hundred blacks, which to the said pirates they surrendered. And they [carried aboard the Bristol ship] all the Portuguese who were in <i>Le Victorieux</i>, and all the English crew in number of sixteen. [Leaving with] the said pirates, two of the sailors of the said ship<i> Le Victorieux</i> named Jean Detern and (?), and Etienne Bond with a servant named Provost. <br />
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[The pirates] having missed Anabon, they made the road to Angola, or in the hunt they gave to English ships, their bowsprit broke, which made them look for a convenient port for the purpose of replacing their bowsprit with that of <i>Le Victorieux </i>[this did not happen]. They could only make Cape Lopez, where the same pirate Labuze was found, who was there to change his ship with the <i>Indian Queen</i> of London, Captain [Thomas] Hill, whom they had taken on the coast of Angola, on which place the said pirates had several disputes, some to give Captain Hais one of their ships in exchange for the ship <i>Le Victorieux</i>, the others to degrade said Hais and his crew. At this place the strongest voice prevailed, which was to give a ship to Captain Hais. During the debates they sent ashore four to five hundred Negroes, those whom they had taken on the said vessels, which were at once picked up and removed by the negroes of the country, and gave to Captain Hill one hundred and forty, a cargo of negroes, negresses, and negroes, with the captain's [Hill's] ship [<i>Indian Queen</i>] which Labuze had exchanged for his own, and to give to Capt. Hais the pirate ship <i>Heroine</i> [taken from Capt. Richard Blinko 22 June 1719 ay Whydah], because all the masts were worth nothing. After beating all the guns and stripping it of all that is useful for navigation, with ninety blacks who were still aboard <i>Le Victorieux</i> from his trade.<br />
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That during the overthrow of the buccaneers from one ship to another, Joseph Pascal, sailor of <i>Le Victorieux</i>, voluntarily partook with the said pirates.<br />
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That the pirates having left for their voyage [to Madagascar], said Hais made his best with the little rope they had left him, he did spice (sic) [splice?] to firm the masts.<br />
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That they were on land making water and finding there some exhausted and moribund negroes, whom the negroes of the country had abandoned; remains of those whom the pirates had left ashore.<br />
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<span data-offset-key="e6fl8-0-0"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-size: medium;">Just published 2nd Electronic Edition of <a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/baylus-c-brooks/quest-for-blackbeard-the-true-story-of-edward-thache-and-his-world/ebook/product-24414312.html"><i>Quest for Blackbeard!</i></a></span><br /><br />Some
of the poorer sort went aboard pirate ships and sloops as crew,
certainly, but they usually were not as well educated as those who
navigated them. The tale of these early pirate leaders’ gentlemanly
demeanor, formerly wealthy privateers, has been confined, narrowed, and
almost eradicated by literary rhetoric. Worse still, modern historians
attempt to explain them all as an early form of democratic society,
confusing some of these gentlemen with the common people and further
skewing their reality. The people we call “pirates” today most resemble
those found in the Bahamas after 1715, driven out by 1718, scattered
refugees of a barren island and rude maritime subsistence, but the real
pirate leaders of the Golden Age were wealthy – the 97% were blamed for
the crimes of the 3%! This injustice is where we must begin the true
Quest for Blackbeard! <br /><br /><a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/baylus-c-brooks/quest-for-blackbeard-the-true-story-of-edward-thache-and-his-world/ebook/product-24414312.html">http://www.lulu.com/shop/baylus-c-brooks/quest-for-blackbeard-the-true-story-of-edward-thache-and-his-world/ebook/product-24414312.html</a><br /> </span></span></div>
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<br />Baylus C. Brookshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17943011073372642233noreply@blogger.com0